사회적 혼합(social mix)에 관한 쟁점과 과제: 영국, 네덜란드, 캐나다의 사례를 중심으로
Issues and Challenges on Social Mix: Lessons from the UK, the Netherlands, and Canada
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이 논문은 사회주택(social housing)을 기반으로 진행된 사회적 혼합(social mix)과 관련한 주요 쟁점을 검토하고, 사회적 혼합 정책이 장기간 진행된 영국, 네덜란드, 캐나다의 사례를 분석하여 한국의 향후 사회적 혼합 추진과 관련한 시사점을 도출한다. 3개국의 경험을 분석한 결과 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회적 혼합은 단순한 주택 거주형태의 혼합만이 아닌 효과적 갈등 예방과 해소를 위한 참여 기반 관리체계 수립과 계층 간 자연스러운 교류를 촉진할 수 있는 물리적 환경 조성이 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회적 혼합은 중앙정부와 지방정부, 사회적 경제주체 등 여러 행위자 간의 긴밀한 협력을 통해 사업의 기획 단계에서부터 추진되어야 하며, 여러 계층 간 발생할 수 있는 갈등을 효율적으로해결할 수 있는 관리체계의 확립이 필수적이다. 셋째 사회주택의 재고량이 부족할수록 사회적 낙인과 배제의 문제가 심각해지므로 효과적인 사회적 혼합을 위해 사회주택 재고량자체를 충분히 늘리는 정책이 전제되어야 한다.
Abstract
This paper examines issues and challenges related to social mix in social housing estates focused on the cases of the UK, the Netherlands, and Canada, where social mix has been promoted over a long period of time. Then this paper aims to draw implications for Korea’s future provision of social mix. The interest in the social mix as a means to prevent spatial exclusion and social segregation of low-income households has been growing since 2000. This paper concludes that a simple mix of different tenures cannot easily achieve a social mix. It also confirms that a successful social mix needs a participation-based management system for effective conflict prevention and resolution and a physical environment that can promote natural exchanges between residents having different backgrounds. On the other hand, an insufficient inventory of social housing tends to lead to stigma and exclusion of social housing residents. Therefore, policies aimed at increasing the social housing stock need to be implemented first and foremost.
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