세계도시 네트워크에서 위치 찾기: 네트워크 위치성과 도시 경제성장 간 관계에 관한 시론적 연구
Positionality in the World City Network: A Preliminary Study on the Relation between Network Positionality and Urban Economic Growth
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본 연구는 세계도시 네트워크 속에서 도시의 경제적 성장을 설명하기 위해 네트워크 참여를 넘어 가치의 분배조건으로서 도시의 위치성(positionality)에 주목할 필요가 있다고 주장한다. 네트워크 참여는 ‘경제적 가치’의 ‘공동 생산’을 의미하지만 가치가 ‘배분’되는 방식에 대해서는 설명해주지 않는다. 본 연구에서는 Sheppard(2002)의 위치성 개념을 토대로 세계도시 네트워크 논의에서 위치성의 효과를 파악하기 위해 교환이론을 활용하여 가치 배분상황에서 도시와 초국적 기업 간의 관계를 설명하는 권력지수와 의존성지수를 제시하였다. 미국 대도시권을 통한실증분석 결과 도시의 권력지수가 높거나 의존성지수가 낮을 때 다른 도시에 비해 임금 수준이 더 높다는 결론을 얻었다. 본 연구는 위치성이 도시경제성장에 미치는 차별적 영향력을 분석한 시론적 연구로서 향후 세계도시 네트워크의 실질적 영향력에 대한 논의를 심화시키는데 기여하고 있다.
Abstract
This study argues that to explain the economic prosperity of the city in the world city network, more attention should be paid to the city’s positionality as a way of distributing value created among cities in the network. Participation in the network itself means the co-production of economic value but it does not explain how the value is distributed. Based on Sheppard’s concept of positionality and exchange theory, power and dependency indices are proposed to explain the bargaining power between the city and transnational corporations in value capturing process. An empirical analysis of the U.S. metropolitan statistical areas shows that when the power index of the city is high or the dependency index is low, it can receive higher wages than other cities. By empirically examining how the city’s positionality in the world city network makes a difference in the process of urban economic growth, this research contributes to the debate on the socioeconomic effects of the world city network.
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