도시 네트워크의 규범적 개념화에 대한 비판적 검토
Normative Conceptualization of Urban Network: A Critical Review
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본 연구는 도시 네트워크 개념의 기원을 탐색하면서 그 과정에서 나타난 네트워크의 긍정적이고 규범적인개념화를 비판적으로 검토한다. 도시 네트워크 개념은 도시연구 내에서 1) 관계적 공간관에 따라 새롭게 도시의 존재방식을 설명하기 위해서, 2) 중심지이론에 대한 비판적 관점에서 도시체계를 설명하기 위해서, 3) 도시성장모형으로서 집적경제와 네트워크 경제를 구분하여 설명하려는 시도에서 도입되었다. 하지만 네트워크 개념이 도입되는 과정에서 ‘도시 간 관계’에 대한 비판적 검토 없이 조직이론의 논리를 그대로 사용함으로써 개념상의 혼란과 모순을 낳았다. 특히 네트워크의 여러 의미와 특성을 고려하지 않은 채 네트워크 그 자체를 규범적인 상태로 간주함으로써 다양한 논의의 가능성을 차단하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 도시 네트워크 개념을 규범적인 상태로 간주하기보다 분석을 위한 도구이자 대상으로서 바라볼 필요가 있음을 주장한다.
Abstract
This paper reviews the existing literature and criticizes the concept of urban network with respectto the affirmative and normative conceptualization. Presenting a brief history of urban network theory, thispaper argues that the concept was introduced for, first, understanding the ontology of city in a perspectiveof relational space, second, examining the urban system through critiques to central place theory and finally,explaining the network economy as a new source of urban growth. However, through the process of uncriticalacceptance of network concept from organization theory, the urban network has become inconsistent withthe empirical evidence. In particular, due to normative conceptualization of urban network, various formsof intercity relations cannot be well understood by this concept. This paper argues that the urban networkconcept needs to be considered an analytical tool and object itself rather than a normative agenda.
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