북극지역 관광의 특성과 관광개발의 한계: 캐나다 누나부트를 사례로
The Characteristics of Tourism and the Limitation of Tourism Development in the Arctic Region: The Case of Nunavut in Canada
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초록
관광개발의 지역발전 효과에 고무되어 캐나다 누나부트 준주는 관광을 정책적으로 추진하고 있다. 본 연구는 캐나다 누나부트를 사례로 북극지역 관광의 특성과 관광개발의 한계를 고찰한다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 누나부트의 관광개발은 외부 의존도가 커서 향후 지역경제의 종속성을 심화시킬 수 있다. 둘째, 대표적인 관광개발의 취약성은 지리적 고립성과 특수성, 관광개발 경험의 부족, 관광 서비스와 인프라 부족, 외부시장 의존적 관광자원 개발, 지역과 종족 간 불균형이다. 셋째, 관광개발은 로컬 주도의 개발, 지역 구성원 간 대화와 타협의 정치, 개방적 관광 네트워크를 강조하는 방향에서 추진되어야 한다. 넷째, 관광개발의 긍정적 효과를 위해선 로컬의 참여와개발 효과의 공유가 필요하다.
Abstract
Inspired by the regional development effects of tourism development, Nunavut Canada is pushing for tourism development policy. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of tourism in the Arctic region and the limitations of tourism development with the case study of Nunavut in Canada. The results of this study are as follows. First, the tourism development of Nunavut is highly dependent upon the forces of outside, which can deepen the dependence of the local economy in the future. Second, the vulnerability of tourism development is closely related to its geographical isolation and specificity, lack of tourism development experience, lack of tourism service and infrastructure, development of external market-driven tourism resources, and inequality between regions and ethnicities. Third, tourism development should be promoted in the direction of emphasizing local-led development, politics of dialogue and compromise among local members, and open tourism network. Fourth, for the positive effect of tourism development, it is necessary to participation of local peoples and the share of development effect among local actors.
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