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프로세스 관점의 사회적기업가정신

A Review of Social Entrepreneurship:Towards a Theory of Process Perspectives

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 기존 문헌의 리뷰를 통해 사회적기업가정신의 작동원리를 설명할 수 있는 개념적인 틀을 제시하고 있다. 우리는 사회적기업가정신이 기존의 영리기업가정신과는 다른 새로운 종류의 기업가정신 개념으로 이해되어야 한다고 주장한다. 사회적기업가정신은 존재목적이 이윤보다는 사회적 영향 또는 사회적 가치의 실현이며, 성장보다는 지속가능성을 추구하고, 경쟁우위의 전유보다는 모방에 의한 확산을 지향하며, 효율성에 기반한 의사결정이 아닌 가치에 기반한 의사결정 체계를 보여준다. 기존 영리기업가정신과는 다른 이러한 특이 현상들을 이해하기 위해서는 사업기회의 존재, 발견, 실행 등 사업기회를 둘러싸고 일어나는 프로세스적 관점에서 총체적인 접근법이 필요하다. 본 연구는 기회를 중심으로 한 사회적기업가정신의 프로세스 모형을 제시하고 있다. 우리는 사회적기업가정신의 프로세스 모형을 사업기회의 성공적인 실현이 다른 시간 및 장소에서 유사한 사업기회를 촉발하여 사업기회가 확산되는 순환형으로 구축하였다. 반면, 영리기업가정신의 프로세스는 사업기회가 발생하고, 실현되며, 결국에는 소멸하는 선형모형이다. 사회적기업가정신 프로세스 모형의 각 단계별로 영리기업가정신 대비 특징과 다른 점을 상세히 비교분석하여, 사회적기업가정신과 관련한 미래의 연구제안들을 제시하였다. 현재 사회적기업가정신을 이해하는 통일된 관점이 부재하다는 데에 많은 학자들이 동의한다. 본 연구는 사회적기업 현상을 이해하기 위한 개념적 틀을 제시한다는 점에서 이론적 의의가 있으며, 실무적으로도 프로세스 모형은 사회적기업이 세부 단계별로 사업기회를 발견, 평가, 실행하기 위한 도구로써 유용하다고 믿는다.

Abstract

Scholars agree that there is no consensus view of social entrepreneurship. We argue that examining social entrepreneurship from process perspectives may be valuable in that they can incorporate a variety of aspects—e.g., sources of opportunity and its exploitation, entrepreneurs and contexts, enterprise creation, and related socio-cultural factors. First, We review the importance of the social entrepreneurship phenomenon as a new paradigm of business principles. Some distinctive themes of social entrepreneurship are compared to those of commercial entrepreneurship. Then, process models of the commercial and social entrepreneurship are explored. Our review identifies some interesting features that are specific to social entrepreneurship and suggests directions for future research. One fruitful outcome of our review is the structure of the process itself. The process of business entrepreneurship is a linear model in which opportunity is born and later deteriorate. However, the process of social entrepreneurship is represented by a cycle model in which one successful social change triggers similar opportunities in different contexts, especially in different places.

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