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사회적기업가정신 연구의 흐름과 동향- 미국과 유럽 맥락을 중심으로 -

An Overview on the Recent Flows and Trends of Social Entrepreneurship Researches: Focused on the Contexts of U.S. and Europe

김명희
한국자치행정학회 (The korean Association for Local Government & Administration Studies)|2013.12|한국자치행정학보 (Korean Journal of Local Government & Administration Studies)|제27권 제4호|pp. 133-155|DOI 10.18398/kjlgas.2013.27.4.133

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참고문헌

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사회적기업Social EntrepreneurshipSocial EnterpriseSocial Entrepreneur사회적기업가정신사회적기업가

초록

이 논문은 우리나라 사회적기업가정신 연구 활성화를 위해 미국과 유럽 맥락의 사회적기업가정신 연구의 흐름과 동향을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 외국 문헌에 나타난 사회적기업가정신 관련 다양한 개념적 관점과 이론적 접근방법 및 최근 담론들을 고찰하여 의미 있는 정책적 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 분석결과, 첫째, 미국과 유럽은 사회적기업가정신 연구의 하위범위에 사회적기업과 사회적기업가 연구를 포함하고 있으며 다양한 조직들과의 비교연구 및 과정연구, 환경연구 등을 진행해오고 있다. 둘째, 사회적기업가정신은 자본주의 및 정부역할의 개념적 인식 차이로 인해 상이하게 발전해왔으며 현재 연구의 중심은 미국맥락과 유럽맥락으로 대별된다. 미국 맥락에는 사회적혁신학파와 사회적기업학파, 유럽 맥락으로는 EMES, UK 접근법들이 부상하고 있다. 셋째, 양대 맥락의 접근법들은 공통적으로 사회적 가치 같은 사회적기업가의 동기부여의 중요성을 강조하며 반면 관찰대상, 사명과 서비스의 관계, 법적구조, 혁신, 이익배분, 수입조성, 거버넌스 측면에서는 상이한 특징을 보인다. 넷째, 최근 미국의 사회적기업가정신 담론은 사회적기업 추진동력으로서 결사체와 기업 간의 관계를 강조하는데 주목하며 유럽은 정부, 전통적 민간비영리, 시민사회부문 간 교차지점(intersection)의 관점에서 사회적기업가정신에 관한 다양한 담론이 진행 중이다.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the recent flows and trends of social entrepreneurship(below SE) researches focused in the contexts of U.S. and Europe in order to invigorate the domestic research field on SE. For this it attempts to review a variety of conceptual perspectives, theoretical approaches, and recent discourses applied to social entrepreneurship, and to suggest the meaningful policy implications drawn from findings. According to the findings, firstly, U.S. and Europe have been including social enterprise and social entrepreneur respectively under the label of social entrepreneurship, and expanding diversely the parts of comparison between SE and other forms of organization, social entrepreneurial process, and environmental factors. Secondly, SE has developed together with region specificity such as the different type of capitalism and government role, separated currently into two American schools of thought(i.e. The Innovation School of thought and The Social Enterprise School of thought) and two European approaches(i.e. EMES approach, and UK approach). Thirdly, Those approaches based on the two big contexts have something in common in the sense of attaching importance to social entrepreneur’s motivation like social value, but in difference in the part of unit of observation, linking mission with services, legal structures, innovation, profit distribution, earned income, and governance. Fourthly, while the discourses on the American social entrepreneurship pay more attention to the relationship between the association and the company as a driving force of social enterprise, Europe brings to a focus on that SE lies on the intersection among the traditional public, private and nonprofit sector.

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