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사외이사 다양성이 기업성과에 미치는 영향과 환경적 재량권의 조절 효과에 대한 고찰

Exploring the Impact of Board Diversity on Firm Performance and Environmental Discretion as a Moderator

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 2001년도부터 2010년까지 한국증권거래소(KSE)에 상장된 361개의 기업을 대상으로 한 실증 분석을 통해 사외이사의 다양성과 기업성과와의 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 사외이사가 수행하는 통제기능과 조언기능 중 한국기업에서 보다 중요하게 요구되는 통제기능에 미치는 다양성의 영향에 초점을 두어 분석하였다. 구체적으로 사외이사의 연령 다양성과 같은 인구통계학적 다양성과 근속년수 다양성, 교육배경 다양성과 같은 과업 관련 다양성이 기업성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 더 나아가 사외이사의 다양성과 기업성과와의 관계에 작용하는 환경적 재량권의 조절 효과를 검증하였다. 연구결과 이사회의 역할을 수행할 시에 사외이사의 연령 다양성과 교육배경 다양성이 높을수록, 즉 이사회 내의 사외이사의 특성이 다양할수록, 사외이사는 기업성과에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 경영진에게 주어지는 환경적 재량권은 사외이사의 연령 다양성 및 교육배경 다양성과 기업성과와의 부정적인 관계를 더욱 강화시키는 조절 효과를 나타내었다. 즉, 환경적 재량권이 높은 상황 하에서 경쟁하는 기업에서는 사외이사 그룹의 다양성이 야기하는 사외이사의 기업성과에 대한 부정적인 효과가 더욱 극대화 되어 나타나고 있음을 보여 주고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 다양성이 획일성보다 긍정적인 성과를 창출할 것이라는 일반적인 통념과는 다른 결론을 밝혀내어 이사회 다양성이 기업성과에 가져 올 수 있는 영향에 대한 설명력을 증대시켰다.

Abstract

We explore how diversity among outside directors (measured in terms of tenure diversity, age diversity, and educational background diversity) affects firm performance. Furthermore, we examine if environmental discretion moderates the relationship between diversity among outside directors and firm performance. By utilizing a sample of 361 firms randomly drawn from sixteen industries in Korea over the 2001~2010 time periods, we confirm our conjectures that outside director diversity is negatively related to firm performance. Our results also indicate that high environmental discretion strengthens the negative relationship between outside director diversity and firm performance.

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