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이사회의 다양성이 기업의 사회적 성과(CSP)에 미치는 영향

Exploring the Relationship between Board Diversity and Corporate Social Performance in Korea

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주제분류사회과학일반

초록

본 연구는 이사회의 다양성과 기업의 사회적 성과와의 관계를 연구한 기존의 서구 중심의 연구에서 벗어나 국내의 독특한 사회 문화적 배경을 고려한 연구를 수행함을 목적으로 한다. 서구에서는 폭넓고 다양한 의견들이 기업 의사 결정에 필수적이며 긍정적인 요소로 간주되어 이사회의 다양성이 사회 공헌과 같은 기업의 전략적 의사결정에 긍정적으로 작용한다고 보고하고 있다. 하지만 국내에서는 다양성보다는 화합과 통일성을 강조하는 사회문화적 특성으로 인하여 이사회의 다양성이 기업전략에 오히려 부정적으로 작용할 수 있다. 이러한 배경 하에 본 연구는 2002년부터 2005년까지 국내의 상장기업을 대상으로 실증 분석하였다. 본 연구의 실증 분석 결과, 이사회의 임기, 전공, 교육 수준의 다양성과 사회적 성과는 부(-)의 관계가 있음이 밝혀졌다. 그러나 이사회 경력 다양성은 사회적 성과와 유의미한 결과가 도출되지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 볼 때, 본 연구는 이사회의 다양성과 기업의 사회성과와의 관계는 국가별 제도적 맥락에 따라 달라질 수 있다는 시사점을 제공한다.

Abstract

The extant literature in Western contexts has explored the relationships between various aspects of board diversity and corporate social performance (CSP), but the relationships need to be reanalyzed in non-Western contexts, especially in Korea, given the distinct theoretical assumptions across countries. While Western contexts emphasize wider and various inputs for corporate decision-making, Korean contexts are presumed to underscore harmonious and unified inputs for the decision. In this regard, we propose that board diversity and CSP in Korea should be negatively related. From 1,060 firm-year observations during years 2002-2005 in Korean large firms, we found that board diversity in terms of tenure, academic major, and educational level is negatively associated with CSP respectively, whereas diversity in previous career experiences of board members is not related to CSP. Our findings suggest that there is no universal pattern of the relationship between board diversity and CSP due to the idiosyncratic aspects of institutional contexts across countries. Theoretical contributions and practical implications will be discussed.

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