이사회 기능과 사업부문 다각화:등기이사의 외부 이사직 겸임을 중심으로
Functions of the Board of Directors and Corporate Diversification:Focused on Registered Directors with Multiple Directorships
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[연구목적] 본 연구는 이사회의 모니터링 기능에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려진 등기이사의 외부 이사직 겸임을 활용하여 이들이 기업의 사업부문 다각화에 미치는 영향을 실증분석한다. 이를 통해 전체 등기이사 중 외부 이사직을 겸임하는 등기이사의 비율이 높을수록 이사회의 경영자 감시․감독 기능이 효과적으로 작동하지 않아 기업의 사업부문 다각화와 양(+)의 관련이 있음을 규명하고자 한다. [연구방법] 2011년부터 2019년까지 5,771개의 표본을 대상으로 회귀분석을 수행하였으며 분석 모형의 내생성 문제를 해결하기 위해 2SLS 분석을 수행하였다. 더하여, 패널 개체와 시간의 이질성을 동시에 고려한 이원고정효과 모형으로 패널분석 하였으며 이를 위해 2011년부터 2019년까지 9년의 자료가 모두 존재하는 기업을 추출하여 균형패널을 구성하였다. [연구결과] 연구 결과, 전체 등기이사 중 외부 이사직을 겸임하는 이사의 비율 증가는 사업부문 다각화와 양(+)의 관련이 있었다. 이러한 결과는 등기이사를 사내이사와 사외이사로 구분한 분석과 내생성을 통제하기 위한 2SLS 분석에서도 동일하였다. 그러나 균형패널을 이용한 이원고정효과 모형에서 사내이사의 겸임은 다각화와 유의한 양(+)의 관계를 유지한 반면 사외이사의 겸임은 양(+)의 관계에 있었으나 유의하지 않았다. [연구의 시사점] 본 연구는 등기이사의 외부 이사직 겸임과 사업부문 다각화와의 관계를 실증분석함에 따라 이들이 이사회 모니터링 기능약화를 초래함으로써 불필요한 사업부문 다각화를 적절히 감시하지 못하여 기업에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 밝힌데 의의가 있다.
Abstract
[Purpose] This study empirically analyzes the impact of a registered directors with multiple directorships on corporate diversification. Through this, this study intend to clarify the positive impact on the corporate diversification because the more registered directors with multiple directorships there are, the less effective the function of monitoring and supervising managers will work. [Methodology] OLS analysis were performed on 5,771 samples from 2011 to 2019. 2SLS analysis was performed to solve the endogenous problem judged to be likely to occur during the analysis process. In order to increase the robustness of the study, a balanced panel was formed by extracting companies with all 9-year data from 2011 to 2019, and a two-way fixed effect model was used to simultaneously consider the heterogeneity of panel entities and time. [Findings] As a result of the study, the increase in the proportion of directors with multiple directorships positively related to corporate diversification. In addition, the results were the same in the analysis that divided the board members into internal and external directors and the 2SLS analysis to control endogenousness. Finally, in the two-way fixed effect model, a significant positive (+) relationship with corporate diversification was maintained the inside directors but outside directors did not yield significant results. [Implications] This study reports that these variables can have a negative impact on companies through corporate diversification. This is meaningful in revealing that directors with multiple directorships can damage corporate value in various ways.
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