군사기술 네트워크가 민군겸용 기술개발에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Military Technology Networks on Dual-use Technology
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민군겸용 기술(dual-use)은 방위산업과 민간 산업에서 모두 활용할 수 있으므로 기술 활용도가 높다. 특히, 드론, 로봇 등 4차 산업혁명 관련 기술이 방위산업에서 활용됨에 따라 민군겸용 기술의 중요성이 강화되고 있다. 민군겸용 기술의 개발에 있어서 지식과 지식의 통로가 되는 기업 간 네트워크가 중요한 역할을 함에도 기존 연구에서는 민군겸용 기술과 지식 네트워크의 관계를 살펴본 연구는 많지 않다. 따라서, 본 연구는 군사기술 특허 721건을 바탕으로 특허 네트워크를 분석하여 지식 네트워크가 민군겸용 기술에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 네트워크 중심성(지식 습득량)은 특정 기술이 민군겸용 기술로 될 가능성에 긍정적인 영향을, 네트워크 제약성(지식의 유사성)은 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 투입한 자원의 양이 많을수록 네트워크 중심성에 미치는 긍정적 효과와 네트워크 제약성의 부정적인 영향이 모두 강화되는 것으로 나타났다. 실증분석의 결과는 방산 기업이 민군겸용 기술개발의 이점을 활용하기 위해서는 충분한 외부지식을 습득하되 지식의 유사성을 줄이기 위하여 타 산업과의 관계를 강화하는 것이 유리하다는 시사점을 제공한다.
Abstract
Dual-use technology is more efficient because can be used by both the defense and civilian industry. Its importance is particularly evident as Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies, such as drones, robots, and big data analysis, are being utilized for defense purposes. While the network pathways of knowledge between firms plays an important role in the development of dual-use technologies, insufficient attention has been given to prior research on dual-use technologies. Therefore, this study analyzes networks based on 721 military technology patents to demonstrate the impact of military technology networks on dual-use technology. According to the empirical results, network centrality (amount of knowledge) has a positive effect on dual-use technology development, while network constraint (similarity of knowledge) has a negative effect. Furthermore, increased investment in technology strengthen the positive effect of network centrality and the negative effect of network constraint. The results of the empirical analysis suggest that in order for defense companies to reap the benefits of dual-use technology, they need to acquire sufficient external knowledge and strengthen relationships with counterparts from other industries that can reduce knowledge similarity.
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