중소기업 경영자의 특성이 사업전환시도에미치는 영향
An Empirical Study of Executive’s Characteristics and Core Business Change in SMEs
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본 연구는 중소기업의 최고 경영자의 특성이 기업의사업전환에 미치는 영향에 대하여 실증적으로 분석했다. 기업은 격변하는 환경 속에서도생존을 넘어 지속적인 경쟁우위를 창출하고 유지하기 위해 끊임없는 혁신활동을 수행하고있다. 이러한 노력 중에서 현재 활동하고 있는 주된 사업영역을 현저하게 축소시키고새로운 사업영역을 주력사업으로 진입하여, 정착시켜 가는 일련의 대규모 변혁활동인사업전환(core business change)도 하나의 중요한 대안으로 제시되고 있다. 특히 중소기업에있어서의 사업전환은 대기업과 비교하여 상대적으로 부족한 자원과 역량을 보유한 상태에서회사의 명운을 걸고 어려운 경영환경에 맞서 전사적으로 새로운 사업을 추진하는 경우가많아 상대적으로 사업전환 결정의 중요성과 위험이 높다. 한편으로 경영자의 특성은 기업활동에 있어 중요한 결정요인으로 인식되어 많은 연구자들에 의해 연구되어 왔다. 따라서본 연구에서는 중소기업에서 경영자의 특성과 사업전환의 중요성을 인식하고, 이들의관계에 대해 가설을 설정하고 통계적으로 이를 검증하는 실증연구를 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 중소기업 최고 경영자의 나이가 젊고, 교육수준이 높으며, 관련 산업 경험이있을 경우 사업전환을 시도할 확률이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 아울러, 해당기업이속한 산업의 성장률은 이러한 관계에 조절효과를 가지는 것을 발견했다.
Abstract
Recently, the core business change has been an important issue of the innovation and/or entrepreneurship literature. There has been strong evidence in the literature to indicate the fact that core business change is one of radical alternatives for SMEs (Small and Medium sized Enterprises) who want to develop and maintain a competitive advantage for its continuous survival and growth. However, research on the relationship between the SME CEO and its core business change has met with virtually no empirical support even though CEOs consistently play a critical role in decision making. Hence, this article attempts to understand how managerial background characteristics affect the adaptive challenge in terms of the upper echelons theory. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of SME CEO’s characteristics(age, education, and former experience)on making decision to change its core business. In addition, we also examine the moderating effect of industry on the relationship between CEO and core business change because the need to understand the effect of the industry by promoting or diminishing managers’ power. Using a sample of more than 140 small firms listed on the KOSDAQ, we find strong support for our argument. The data indicate that managers who are younger,high-educated, and have related business experience have a strong tendency to make core business change decision. It is also found that the relationship between CEO and core business change decision can be moderated by management discretion.
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