광양 방언의 성조 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to describe the morpho-tonemics of complex nouns of Jinsang dialect, Gwangyang City, based on the side-dot theory. This dialect has three tone system, which consist of an unmarked even tone and two marked tones, which are departing tone and rising tone. The even tone ‘phyeong-sheong’ is symbolized as □ with no dot, the rising tone, the departing tone ‘geo-sheong’ as ·□ with one dot, and the rising tone ‘shang-sheong’ as :□ with two dots. The symbols □, ·□, and :□ are common signs in Middle Korean and all its modern daughter tone dialects. The five main morpho-tonemic rules of this dialect are the neutralization rule, the 1nternal tone-sandhi rule or external phyeong-sheong assimilation rule, the word initial position phyeong-sheong assimilation rule, and the rule chainging final syllable into cheuk-sheong (·□). The symbols □, ·□, and :□ are decided according to the neutralization force exercising upon the following syllable and on the basis of phonetic complexity of pitch. The three tones □, ·□, and :□ can be opposed to each other at the word initial position. Both even tone □ and marked tone ·□ can can be opposed to each other at the position after the even tone □, but rising tone is neutralized as ·□ except at the word initial position. Marked tone ·□ only can appear at the position after ·□, or :□. The neutralization has the highest frequency and the wide scope of application as shown in the other Korean tomic dialects. The neutralization rule is characterized as follows. Rising tone and departing tone are neutralized as one dot tone (·□) behind unmarked plain tone (·□), and all the tones (□, ·□, and :□) neutralized as one dot tone(·□) behind marked tones (·□ and :□). There are no changes with side-dot when plain tone pattern (□₁) combines with following unmarked plain tone pattern (□₁) or complex pattern (□₁·□n), to which we can give a name ‘default rule’. When a plain tone pattern (□₁) combines with any verbal inflectional form in marked pattern (·□1)or :□₁), all syllables in the verbal form are essentially changed into plain tone (□₁), we give a name external tone-sandhi rule or external phyeong-sheong assimilation. This rule is essential in southeast Gyeongnam dialects, and it is the same as in Gwangyang dialect. Phyeongbok pattern (□₂·□n), ‘mixed pattern’ is almost essentially changed into phyeongsheong pattern (□2+n·□), ‘simple pattern’ in this dialect, to which give a name internal tone-sandhi rule or internal phyeong-sheong assimilation. We cannot find out, however, phyeongsheong pattern (□₃) that have more than three syllables in the last side-dot representation. It’s because of the rule chainging final syllable into cheuk-sheong (□₃→□₂·□). In the final chapter, when a compound is generated with one or more of the rules above, we first divide the generated side-dot pattern into phyeongcheuk pattern, geosheong pattern, and shangsheong pattern, and redivide the word into derivations and compound, put the data in order again according to the rules that are applied, Phyeongcheuk pattern was 60%, geosheong pattern was 24%, and shangsheong pattern was 16%, especially neutratralized rules was 99% of the rules derive compounds as geosheong pattern, shangsheong pattern.