韩国互联网银行专门法主要规制研究 - 对中国立法的借鉴意义 -
Research on Main Rules and Regulations of Korea’s Internet-only Bank Act - The Reference Significance to China’s Legislation -
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进入21世纪，通讯和信息科技的高速发展催生了互联网银行新业态. 互联网银行因其线上运营、成本低廉、服务长尾客户等特点，发挥更多社会和经济效用，也与传统商业银行在商业模式有显著差异. 分析中韩两国互联网银行的发展状况，可看出互联网银行顺应了时代潮流和客户需求，近年来发展迅猛势不可挡，也因此，对互联网银行实施有别于传统商业银行立法制度的呼声日趋迫切. 但在互联网银行已经发展地颇具规模的中国，该领域法制建设仍严重滞后于业务发展，专门立法的缺失，导致了行政机关自由裁量权过大、大股东监管力度不足、消费者保护不够、信息披露不充分等一系列问题. 而韩国在互联网银行立法方面先行一步，尤其是“银产分离”等方面的制度安排，非常值得中国学习. 鉴于此，本文从比较法角度，认真分析了韩国互联网银行立法对中国的借鉴意义，从制定专门立法、落实股东持股限制和银产分离要求、加强金融消费者保护和信息披露、强化配套法律建设等方面，对中国未来互联网银行立法提出了切实可行的建议.
Abstract
The rapid development of communications and information technology in the new century has promoted a new business model, the internet-only bank. Internet-only banks have created more social and economic utility due to their features of online operations, low cost, and long-tail customer positioning, all of which made them significantly different from traditional commercial banks in many aspects. Based on analysis of internet-only banks’ current developments in China and South Korea, it is inferred that, as the internet-only banks follow the trend of online business thus meeting customers’ needs, they have grown too fast, thus special legislations different from commercial banks has become increasingly urgent. In China, however, although internet-only banks’ businesses have developed to a considerable scale, the legislation in this field is still seriously lagging behind. The lack of specialized legislation has led to lots of serious problems, such as too much discretion for administrative agencies, insufficient supervision on major shareholders, deficiency in consumer protection, and inappropriate information disclosure. South Korea has taken the lead in internet-only banks legislation, especially the rules and regulations on “separation of banking and industry”. To learn from Korea, this paper has carefully analyzed the reference significance of Korean internet-only banks legislation to China from the perspective of comparative law, including formulating special legislations, enhancing big shareholders’ supervision, implementing the principle of separation of banking and industry, strengthening financial consumer protection and information disclosure, and improving supporting laws, etc., so as to provide feasible suggestions to improve China's future internet-only banks legislation.
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