질적 연구의 지적 전통으로서 포스트모더니즘: 그 방법적 이슈들
Postmodernism as new intellectual tradition of qualitative research: Methodological issues
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포스트모더니즘은 질적 연구의 이론화에 상당한 기여를 하고 있는 것으로 최근 평가되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 질적 연구의 지적 전통으로서 새롭게 부상한 포스트모더니즘이 질적 연구의 방법적 이론화에 어떤 문제의식과 연구주제 그리고 시사점을 제공해 주고 있는지를 분석하고자 하였다. 이에 연구의 첫 번째 내용으로서 포스트모더니즘의 주요 가정과 전제를 체계적으로 정리하고자 하였다. 그 결과로 포스트모더니즘의 철학적 전제를 다음 네 가지로 도출하였다: (1) 메타내러티브의 거부, (2) 진리와 실재의 구성, (3) 재현의 불가능성, (4) 권력과 지식의 유착. 연구의 두 번째 내용으로서 이러한 포스트모더니즘의 이론적 가정과 전제가 질적 연구에 어떤 방법적 이슈들을 제기하고 있는지를 개념화시켰다. 포스트모더니즘으로부터 얻을 수 있는 질적 연구의 방법적 실천 아이디어들은 다음 세 가지로 정리될 수 있었다: (1) 국지적·맥락적 지식의 탐색, (2) 자기반성(Self-Reflexivity), (3) 다성성(Multivocality). 질적 연구에서 이러한 세 개의 방법적 이슈들은 우리나라에서 아직은 심도 있게 연구되지 않고 있다는 점에서 그 내용들을 소개할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
Qualitative Researchers in the West have recently applied ideas of postmodernism to theorization of qualitative research. As a result, a new intellectual tradition called "postmodern qualitative research" has emerged across disciplines, and therefore has enabled qualitative researchers to interpret and practice qualitative research works with new methodological concepts. However, the idea of postmodernism in qualitative research has not been intensively discussed in Korean context. There are lack of research on implications and usefulness of postmodern methodological issues in qualitative research. Under this circumstance, there is a need to discuss the concept of postmodern qualitative research, and to suggest its implications. For this purpose, the former part of this paper discusses the basic premise of postmodernism through four major themes: (1) rejection of meta-narratives; (2) construction of truth, and reality; (3) doubt of complete representation; (4) close relationship between knowledge and power. Based on these four ideas, the latter part of the paper discusses the methodological issues: (1) qualitative research as pursuit of local knowledge; (2) self-reflexivity; (3) multi-vocality. As a conclusion, the methodological ideas were suggested for general research acts when qualitative researcher write and present their research works and results.
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