몽골제국 초기 帝位 계승 분쟁－옷치긴의 군사행동을 중심으로－

Abstract

The conflict among royal families of Ögedei, Chaghatai, Tolüi and Jöchi, etc at succession to the crown of Ögedei Qa,an was worsened after Tolüi died. Tolüi had as many as 101,000 ho to be the largest nomadic race as well as elite troops of the Mongol Empire, while Ögedei had no more than 4,000 ho to have weaker force than Tolüi did: After succession to the crown, therefore, Ögedei was forced to make every effort to overcome unbalanced force with Tolüi and to reinforce controls. Therefore, Tolüi’s survival gave Ögedei Qa,an the highest sense of crisis, and Tolüi’s death reflected a good deal of political desires of Ögedei Qa,an who made efforts to strengthen controls. Sorqaqtani Beki who had a lot of sense of crisis after Tolüi’s death by poison gave neighboring persons economic benefits to win favor, and he informed Batu of movements of the Mongol Empire and sent Möngke inquire after a patient to reinforce alliance with the Jöchi royal family and to prepare for next term right of succession to the throne steadily. the East royal family to have less relations with the succession to the crown attempted to be Qa,an by military force by taking the opportunity that the Mongol Empire was supported by Türegene Katun, in 1243 when next term successors to the crown went on expedition after both Ögedei Qa,an and Chaghatai died. Otchigin took military actions to satisfy his private desire and to cognize problems of the succession to the crown of the Mongol Empire. In other words, Otchigin knew better than anyone else that the Mongol Empire had disadvantages of power structure divided by two, that is to say, the one of Ögedei and Chaghatai and the other of Tolüi and Jöchi. Even if Otchigin failed in taking military action because of Türegene’s strategies and Güyük’s early arrival, Nayan who was the 4th grandson of Otchigin also attempted to be Qan of the Mongol Empire, so that the Otchigin royal family could make change of the flow of the history of Mongol and Yuan greatly and continuously. After succeeding the crown, Güyük Qan investigated and killed Otchigin to give Otchigin family great shock: To make matters worse, both Töde and Taghachar of the royal family fought each other to succeed the crown and to show serious influence upon political situation in the future. Güyük Qan’s investigation made Taghachar, successor of Otchigin, fight against Ögedei in the complicated struggle of the succession to the crown of the Mongol Empire and to support actively Möngke‘s succession to the Qan. Otchigin royal family made not only Möngke Qa,an but also Kubilai Qan succeed to the crown in order, so that Otchigin’s support was found to be important to succeed to the crown and to start to involve deeply in all of politics of the Mongol Empire.