대몽골국 초기 監國 톨루이의 정치적 위상과 역할

Abstract

Činggis qan unified Mongolia divided for long time. But after his death, it took 2 years for the election of his third son Ögödei as qa’an, and also 5 years for successor Güyük. When Güyük was dead, dowager Oγul-Qaimiši qatun did regency for her young nephew Širemün. But Činggis qan's eldest grandson Batu took the lead in the election of Möngke as qa’an, since then Toluids came to power of the Great Mongol Empire (Yeke Mongγol Ulus). Many scholars thought that youngest son Tolui inherited Činggis qan's property as it is. But some critics say, Tolui received just 5 chliiarchies and imperial guards. And the story of Tolui's being regent for 2 years was only written in Yüan shi(元史), that is ‘History of the Yüan Dynasty’ of China. These facts lead us to think that Tolui had something complaints, and it was most important reason that Ögödei’s accession to the throne was delayed for 2 years. Tolui was great general and brave soldier too. ‘The Secret History of the Mongols’ shows us, he distinguished himself in the war against Jurchen dynasty since 1211 and also in the Činggis qan's expedition against Central Asia. He still lead the army after his brother became qa'an, when Ögödei’s condition became serious in June, 1232, after a month of getting disease serious. Tolui drank the magic water that washed the paper written the name of disease for his brother and died en route. There were denigrated description against Ögödei’s descendants, especially Güyük qa’an in Yüan shi and Jâmi‘ at-tavârîkh, written under the Toluids rule, on the other hand, Toluids' holding power was wrote as fair. As mentioned above, qualified person was elected from Quriltay by the tradition of nomadic society in the earlier period of Yeke Mongγol Ulus. But after enthronement of Möngke qa’an the tradition became weaker. Since that Yeke Mongγol Ulus developed to world empire which dominated settled areas also, it became no more just a nomadic state. I think if we study the role of Töregene qatun and Oγul-Qaimiši qatun as regents, can get more objective and systematic approach about traditional enthronement system of Yeke Mongγol Ulus.