전지구화와 아프리카인의 국제이주: 유럽과 북미의 아프리카 이주민을 중심으로
Globalization and African International Migration: African Migrants in Europe and North America
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This paper illustrates contemporary African international migration in the relation with globalization. Africa has not been covered by academical research on the issue of globalization. It is used only as an anecdote to show how globalization changed the most remote village in the world. Globalization, however, has changed African society in many ways. International migration to the out of continent is vivid example to show the influence of globalization. African migrants go to the Europe and North America as migrant workers, immigrants, refugees, and non-registered (illegal) migrants. Their migration routes have been changed following the policy of hosting countries. Professional workers such as medical doctor, nurse, and researcher migrated through official migration programs, but low skilled migrant workers used family and kinship networks and non-official routes for migration. African migration patterns are being diversified. The colonial connections are working continuously but the new connections are also developed. African people migrate to the new countries which they do not share language or have colonial connection. For example, the Senegalese migrated to the Italia and Spain and the Ghanaians go to the Germany. These migrants created African migrant communities in the hosting countries. They maintain previous social networks in their home countries and create new connections crossing border and national boundaries. These networks are used as resource of transnational spheres and networks. In the political sphere, African migrants transformed political agenda of their home countries to the international issues. Rwanda migrants challenged the policy of their hosting countries about the deportation and punishment of criminals of genocide in Rwanda. African migrants also contributed to the economy of home countries through remittance and non-official trades. They mobilize capital through family networks which are dispersed in various countries. African migrants also construct socio-cultural space in their hosting countries. African culture and religious institution have spreaded in Europe and North American countries. These transnational spaces and networks of African migrants have interacted with globalization process. African migrants have played a key role to promote changes of globalization in the African continent.
Abstract
This paper illustrates contemporary African international migration in the relation with globalization. Africa has not been covered by academical research on the issue of globalization. It is used only as an anecdote to show how globalization changed the most remote village in the world. Globalization, however, has changed African society in many ways. International migration to the out of continent is vivid example to show the influence of globalization. African migrants go to the Europe and North America as migrant workers, immigrants, refugees, and non-registered (illegal) migrants. Their migration routes have been changed following the policy of hosting countries. Professional workers such as medical doctor, nurse, and researcher migrated through official migration programs, but low skilled migrant workers used family and kinship networks and non-official routes for migration. African migration patterns are being diversified. The colonial connections are working continuously but the new connections are also developed. African people migrate to the new countries which they do not share language or have colonial connection. For example, the Senegalese migrated to the Italia and Spain and the Ghanaians go to the Germany. These migrants created African migrant communities in the hosting countries. They maintain previous social networks in their home countries and create new connections crossing border and national boundaries. These networks are used as resource of transnational spheres and networks. In the political sphere, African migrants transformed political agenda of their home countries to the international issues. Rwanda migrants challenged the policy of their hosting countries about the deportation and punishment of criminals of genocide in Rwanda. African migrants also contributed to the economy of home countries through remittance and non-official trades. They mobilize capital through family networks which are dispersed in various countries. African migrants also construct socio-cultural space in their hosting countries. African culture and religious institution have spreaded in Europe and North American countries. These transnational spaces and networks of African migrants have interacted with globalization process. African migrants have played a key role to promote changes of globalization in the African continent.
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