르완다의 국가건설과 국민통합: 르완다 제노사이드(genocide) 이후 귀환한 난민들의 정체성을 중심으로
Rwanda's reconciliation and reconstruction: After Rwanda's genocide, understanding of Rwandan Refugee's identity
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Adjacent to Lake Victoria, Rwanda is one of the countries of the Great Lake Region. Because of the genocide in 1994, this country has been the focus of continued attention for the international society as well as Central and East Africa. Rwanda's reconciliation and reconstruction efforts since 1994 have been a tale of courage of the Government of National Unity(GNU), under the leadership of President Paul Kagame. Rwanda has a long history of refugees over wide regions: The first category of people fled the wars of pre-colonial dynastic in the area. The second cluster of historical mobility consisted primarily of colonial economic migrants. A third cluster was formed of those who fled Rwanda during and subsequent to the struggles of decolonization(1959-1964). A fourth category of extraterritorials was formed of the millions of refugees who fled Rwanda in the wake of the genocide of 1994. By the end of 1994, the human toll of the crisis in Rwanda was in the millions. In addition to the 800,000 victims of the genocide and the two million refugees outside Rwanda, some 1.5 million people were internally displaced. Out of a population of seven million, over half had been directly affected. The stage was set for a new phase of the Rwandan tragedy. Rwandan refugees settled down in neighboring countries, like Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC), Burundi, Tanzania, Kenya and so on. Naturally, the identity of the ‘refugees’ and ‘retumee’ became one of the principle challenges for Rwanda's reconciliation and reconstruction. In other words, the key of determining the current political, social and cultural identity of Rwanda could be the understanding of Rwandan Refugee’s identity. People who had fled Rwanda for many reasons but not lost their identity came back and rapidly united in Rwanda.
Abstract
Adjacent to Lake Victoria, Rwanda is one of the countries of the Great Lake Region. Because of the genocide in 1994, this country has been the focus of continued attention for the international society as well as Central and East Africa. Rwanda's reconciliation and reconstruction efforts since 1994 have been a tale of courage of the Government of National Unity(GNU), under the leadership of President Paul Kagame. Rwanda has a long history of refugees over wide regions: The first category of people fled the wars of pre-colonial dynastic in the area. The second cluster of historical mobility consisted primarily of colonial economic migrants. A third cluster was formed of those who fled Rwanda during and subsequent to the struggles of decolonization(1959-1964). A fourth category of extraterritorials was formed of the millions of refugees who fled Rwanda in the wake of the genocide of 1994. By the end of 1994, the human toll of the crisis in Rwanda was in the millions. In addition to the 800,000 victims of the genocide and the two million refugees outside Rwanda, some 1.5 million people were internally displaced. Out of a population of seven million, over half had been directly affected. The stage was set for a new phase of the Rwandan tragedy. Rwandan refugees settled down in neighboring countries, like Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC), Burundi, Tanzania, Kenya and so on. Naturally, the identity of the ‘refugees’ and ‘retumee’ became one of the principle challenges for Rwanda's reconciliation and reconstruction. In other words, the key of determining the current political, social and cultural identity of Rwanda could be the understanding of Rwandan Refugee’s identity. People who had fled Rwanda for many reasons but not lost their identity came back and rapidly united in Rwanda.
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