스와힐리 소설을 통해 본 해안 스와힐리 핵심문화의 확산과 변화양상, 현대화와 전지구화 주제를 중심으로
The Aspects of Up-Country-extension and Change of Core Culture of Coastal Swahili, represented by Swahili modern Novels; with special reference to Topics like Modernization and Globalization
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The purpose of this article is to characterize the main factors of change and extension of the core values of Coastal Swahili traditional society, which were examined with the linguistic expressions in Utendi poems written by most famous poets and scholars(Kwon 2010). There has been a lot of discussions for a long time with the issues of the identity of Swahili people on the East African coast without any clear conclusion. Since the last century, the Swahili speaking area has expanded enormously, and at the same time the components of Swahili speaking community has also changed drastically with respect to its members. These trends are also represented in the writings like novels which were introduced at the beginning of this century. The prose writing has its roots in the oral narratives and it has developed fully into novel, the western style literary genre after the independence of East African nations. This paper examines 66 Swahili writers, who were born not only in Zanzibar and East African Coastal area including Mombasa, Tanga, Dar es Salaam, but also in interior provinces like Great lake areas or Njombe, the Southwest remote area of Tanzania. The experiences and inherited culture of inland writers are so different from those of Coastal Swahili people. However, these are written in Kiswahili, therefore they are included in Swahili literature. The diversity of modern Swahili novels is studied according to the authors, their ethnicity, the educational backgrounds, especially those of foreign university courses. We are now summarizing the characteristics of new expanded Swahili speaking society as 'modernization', and 'globalization'. The historical development of East Africa can be expressed by such terms as Zanzibari Sultanate period, British-German protectorate, and following independences. Depending on the age of the writers, there has also been differences in their interests. To deal with the topics of the novels, we have examined 117 works with particular references to the characters, background and plot, but especially the themes. The traditional topics of poems like heshima, utamadhuni, usafi, siri, uislamu, ungwana seem to change drastically in modern Swahili speaking community. For example the religious concept of uislamu has changed into Christian religion or western Socialist ideology, while ungwana show its different aspect as political liberation struggles as Mau Mau in Kenya, or as that of Mozambique. Usafi can be related to the topic of critics for social justice in a new given East African government. Siri, ustaarabu or fakhri are the universal moral values, which are devastated through, for example, corruption or violences, in the last centuries. The writers are overall very keen to the given situations, so tried to solve or at least to show the way to the salvation. So we could assert that the seemingly unrelated traditional Swahili core values are still functioning in the 21th century in rather different looks. In spite of its expanding and changing nature of Swahili culture, there seem to be still invariant elements in the form of Swahili language in East Africa.
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to characterize the main factors of change and extension of the core values of Coastal Swahili traditional society, which were examined with the linguistic expressions in Utendi poems written by most famous poets and scholars(Kwon 2010). There has been a lot of discussions for a long time with the issues of the identity of Swahili people on the East African coast without any clear conclusion. Since the last century, the Swahili speaking area has expanded enormously, and at the same time the components of Swahili speaking community has also changed drastically with respect to its members. These trends are also represented in the writings like novels which were introduced at the beginning of this century. The prose writing has its roots in the oral narratives and it has developed fully into novel, the western style literary genre after the independence of East African nations. This paper examines 66 Swahili writers, who were born not only in Zanzibar and East African Coastal area including Mombasa, Tanga, Dar es Salaam, but also in interior provinces like Great lake areas or Njombe, the Southwest remote area of Tanzania. The experiences and inherited culture of inland writers are so different from those of Coastal Swahili people. However, these are written in Kiswahili, therefore they are included in Swahili literature. The diversity of modern Swahili novels is studied according to the authors, their ethnicity, the educational backgrounds, especially those of foreign university courses. We are now summarizing the characteristics of new expanded Swahili speaking society as 'modernization', and 'globalization'. The historical development of East Africa can be expressed by such terms as Zanzibari Sultanate period, British-German protectorate, and following independences. Depending on the age of the writers, there has also been differences in their interests. To deal with the topics of the novels, we have examined 117 works with particular references to the characters, background and plot, but especially the themes. The traditional topics of poems like heshima, utamadhuni, usafi, siri, uislamu, ungwana seem to change drastically in modern Swahili speaking community. For example the religious concept of uislamu has changed into Christian religion or western Socialist ideology, while ungwana show its different aspect as political liberation struggles as Mau Mau in Kenya, or as that of Mozambique. Usafi can be related to the topic of critics for social justice in a new given East African government. Siri, ustaarabu or fakhri are the universal moral values, which are devastated through, for example, corruption or violences, in the last centuries. The writers are overall very keen to the given situations, so tried to solve or at least to show the way to the salvation. So we could assert that the seemingly unrelated traditional Swahili core values are still functioning in the 21th century in rather different looks. In spite of its expanding and changing nature of Swahili culture, there seem to be still invariant elements in the form of Swahili language in East Africa.
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