케냐 스와힐리문학의 부상(浮上): 교육 언어정책이 스와힐리문학에 미친 영향
The Rise of Swahili Literature in Kenya: The Effects of Educational Language Policy on Swahili Literature
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Although classical written literature in Swahili was originated in the Kenyan side of the Swahili coast, modern Swahili literature in Kenya had been in the shadow of Tanzanian Swahili writing until the eighties. Recently Kenyan Swahili writing has come into the foreground of Swahili literature. The objective of this study is to illuminate the factors affecting the rise of Swahili literature in Kenya. The development of Swahili writing in East Africa has been more or less influenced by language policy of individual country. The language policy favoring the Swahili language in Tanzania had been a crucial stimulus to the rise of Swahili writing in the country. On the contrary, after the introduction of public eduction in Kenya, the british colonial administration and Kenyan government had enforced the educational language policy favoring English. As a result, Kenyan Swahili writing was far less marked than that of Tanzania. With the implementation of the 8-4-4 system of education in 1985, Swahili became a compulsory and examinable subject in the primary and secondary curriculum in Kenya. This measure boosted the creative writing in Swahili because Kenyan publishers became enthusiastic to publish Swahili reading materials for school market. Swahili literature education at the university level also contributed to the proliferation of Swahili works in Kenya. One of the recurring issues of African literature is the poor performance in literary production in indigenous languages. In order to promote creative writing, it is necessary to form the social context in which literary works can be published and read by a wide audience. In this regard, it should be noted that the recent growth of Swahili literature in Kenya is caused by the educational language policy in favor of the Swahili language.
Abstract
Although classical written literature in Swahili was originated in the Kenyan side of the Swahili coast, modern Swahili literature in Kenya had been in the shadow of Tanzanian Swahili writing until the eighties. Recently Kenyan Swahili writing has come into the foreground of Swahili literature. The objective of this study is to illuminate the factors affecting the rise of Swahili literature in Kenya. The development of Swahili writing in East Africa has been more or less influenced by language policy of individual country. The language policy favoring the Swahili language in Tanzania had been a crucial stimulus to the rise of Swahili writing in the country. On the contrary, after the introduction of public eduction in Kenya, the british colonial administration and Kenyan government had enforced the educational language policy favoring English. As a result, Kenyan Swahili writing was far less marked than that of Tanzania. With the implementation of the 8-4-4 system of education in 1985, Swahili became a compulsory and examinable subject in the primary and secondary curriculum in Kenya. This measure boosted the creative writing in Swahili because Kenyan publishers became enthusiastic to publish Swahili reading materials for school market. Swahili literature education at the university level also contributed to the proliferation of Swahili works in Kenya. One of the recurring issues of African literature is the poor performance in literary production in indigenous languages. In order to promote creative writing, it is necessary to form the social context in which literary works can be published and read by a wide audience. In this regard, it should be noted that the recent growth of Swahili literature in Kenya is caused by the educational language policy in favor of the Swahili language.
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