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쿠바와 남부 아프리카의 역사적 관계 고찰: 앙골라와 남아프리카공화국을 중심으로

A Study and Perspectives on the Historical Relations of Cuba and Southern Africa: Focused on Angola and South Africa

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주제분류학제간연구

초록

쿠바는 냉전시기에 남미 국가 중 유일하게 남부 아프리카 국가인 앙골라 및 남아공과 역사적으로 긴밀한 관계를 맺고 있었다. 쿠바는 “국제주의(Internationalism)”를 주창하며 1975년부터 본격적으로 앙골라 내전에 개입하여 독립 이전부터 지원하던 앙골라인민해방운동(Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola : MPLA)이 정권을 잡는데 주도적인 역할을 하였다. 쿠바는 1987년부터 1988년 사이에 쿠이토 쿠아나발레(Cuito Cuanavale) 전투에서 앙골라를 침략한 남아공 군에 대해 결정적인 패배를 안겨주었다. 이로 인해 나미비아의 독립을 앞당기고 남아공의 아파르트헤이트(Apartheid) 인종차별정책을 종식시키는데 기여했다. 앙골라는 인종차별정책에 저항하는 넬슨 만델라와 ANC를 지원하였다. 1994년 남아공에 흑인정부가 들어서면서 과거의 역사적 유산을 바탕으로 남아공과 쿠바의 관계는 급속도록 발전하였다. 쿠바는 G20 및 BRICS 국가인 남아공과 관계를 확대하고 있으며 앙골라, 콩고민주공화국과도 관계를 개선하고 있다. 본고에서는 쿠바와 남부 아프리카의 역사적 관계를 고찰하고 21세기 이후 쿠바와 남아공의 새로운 협력관계에 대해 전망한다.

Abstract

Cuba is the only Latin American country which formed significant relations with Angola and South Africa during the Cold War. Cuba joined the Angolan civil war to play a leading role in helping the Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) to seize power. It inflicted a crucial defeat on South African aggressors at the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale. Cuba also supported the African National Congress (ANC) of Nelson Mandela, which resisted the South African Apartheid rule, and fought against South Africa by allying with the Southwest African People’s Organization (SWAPO) in Namibia. In the 21th century, Cuba is expanding its alliance with South Africa, a member of G20 and BRICS, and also improving relations with Angola and DR Congo. This paper studies the historical relations between Cuba and countries in Southern Africa, and proposes future prospects for new cooperative relations after the 21th century.

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