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콘돔의 정치학: 보츠와나의 HIV/AIDS 위기와 젠더 불평등

The Politics of Condom: The HIV/AIDS Crisis and Gender Inequality in Botswana

설병수
한국아프리카학회 (Korean Association Of African Studies)|2019.12|한국아프리카 학회지 (Journal of the Korean Association of African Studies)|제58권 |pp. 77-112|DOI 10.35751/af.2019.58..003

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인식태도젠더genderperception불평등inequalityattitude콘돔HIV/AIDS보츠와나Botswanacondom
주제분류학제간연구

초록

본 연구의 목적은 젠더 불평등의 관점에서 보츠와나의 HIV/AIDS 확산 원인 및 이 질병을 둘러싼 남성과 여성의 상이한 인식과 태도를 살펴보는 데 있었다. 이를 통해 젠더 불평등은 HIV/AIDS 확산 및 지속의 주요인이며, HIV/AIDS 현상이 젠더 불평등을 심화하는 기제로 작용해 왔음을 드러내고자 하였다. 아프리카의 여타 국가와 마찬가지로 보츠와나의 HIV/AIDS 현상을 제대로 이해하기 위해서는 총체적 시각이 필요하다. HIV/AIDS가 확산·지속하는 과정에서는 다양한 요인이 복합적으로 작용했기 때문이다. 이것은 HIV/AIDS 퇴치 방안 역시 이러한 요인에 대한 정확한 파악을 통해 마련되어야 함을 의미한다. 그래서 보츠와나 사회 구성원의 믿음, 태도, 규범뿐만 아니라 정서적·문화적 구성 요소에 대한 이해와 인식은 HIV/AIDS 퇴치 전략을 짜는 데 매우 중요하다. 남성은 사회·문화적으로 용인된 낡고 차별적인 믿음을 버리고, 위험한 성적 행위를 삼가야 한다. 남성은 여성이 동등한 존재임을 인정하고 그들을 적극 지지해야 한다. 또한 구조적 차원에서는 여성의 사회·경제적 삶을 개선하기 위해 노력해야 한다. 여성이 삶을 주체적으로 살아가는 데 필요한 법률적 권리도 강화되어야 한다.

Abstract

This study is aiming to examine the factors of the spread of HIV/AIDS in Botswana and the different perceptions and attitudes of men and women towards the epidemic, in the perspective of gender inequality. Through it all, the paper attempts to reveal that gender inequality is the main factor of the spread and maintenance of the epidemic, and the phenomenon of HIV/AIDS has acted on as a mechanism, which deepens the inequality. Just as many other African countries, the holistic approach is needed to fully understand the phenomenon of HIV/AIDS in Botswana, since diverse factors have complicatedly worked in the process of its spread and maintenance. This implies that the solutions for HIV/AIDS eradication should be also prepared through accurate grasp of these factors. Therefore, the understandings and perceptions of emotional and cultural components as well as the beliefs, attitudes and norms of members of Botswana society are very important in planning strategies for HIV/AIDS elimination. Men have to discard the antiquated and discriminative beliefs socioculturally approved and refrain dangerous sexual behavior. Men need to recognize that women are equal beings and support them positively. Also, in the structural dimension, there must make efforts to improve women’s socioeconomic lives. The legal rights necessary for women’s independent lives should be also strengthened.

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