무형유산 국가목록 작성 및 정보 역량강화를 통한 문화유산 국제협력－중앙아시아 및 몽골 지원사업을 중심으로－
International Cooperation through the National Inventory-making and the Capacity-building for Information of Intangible Cultural Heritage－Focused on the Joint Projects in Central Asia and Mongolia－
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한국의 무형유산 관련 국제협력은 1993년에 유네스코에서 채택된 인간문화재 제도 보급사업에서부터 시작되었다. 한국은 해당 사업과 관련하여 유네스코 프로그램의 일환으로 국제전문가회의 및 4회에 걸친 국제훈련워크숍을 개최하고 인간문화재 제도구축을 위한 가이드라인을 개발하여 보급하였다. 한국의 본격적으로 무형유산 국제협력은 무형문화유산보호협약 체제하에 유네스코 카테고리 2기관인 아태무형유산센터를 유치하면서부터이다. 한국은 설립기획단 시절인 2007년부터 아태지역 국가들이 해당 협약을 충실히 이행할 수 있도록 지원하였다. 몽골 및 중앙아시아 각국은 모두 소련의 영향하에 있던 국가들로, 특히 중앙아시아 국가들은 독립 이후 국가의 정체성을 확립하는 것이 주요한 과제였다. 따라서 몽골을 포함한 중앙아시아 국가들은 2003 협약 이행에 적극 참여하였고 한국의 지원은 해당 국가들이 무형유산 보호체제를 구축하는데 중요한 토대가 되었다. 아태무형유산센터는 한국의 무형문화재 보호 경험과 유네스코 협약의 지침을 기반으로 주로 무형유산 보호제도 구축사업을 지원하였다. 무형유산을 보호하기 위한 법적 제도적 장치를 마련하고 무형유산 목록을 만들어 국가가 지속적으로 관리할 수 있도록 하는 것이었다. 처음 몽골과 2007년부터 2010년까지 양자 협력사업으로 ‘인간문화재 제도구축 지원사업’이 진행되었고, 해당 경험을 바탕으로 중앙아시아 국가들과 다자 협력사업들이 추진되었다. 본 논문은 아태무형유산센터가 2010년부터 2014년까지 중앙아시아 국가들과 다자 협력사업으로 추진된 ‘온라인 툴을 활용한 무형유산 국가목록 작성 협력사업’과 후속사업의 일환으로 무형유산 정보기반 조성을 위해 2015년부터 2018년까지 몽골 및 중앙아시아 국가들과 함께 추진된 ‘영상 라이브러리 제작을 통한 무형유산 가시성 제고 사업’에 대해 개괄하고 그 성과와 과제를 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다.
Abstract
The international cooperation of the Republic of Korea in the field of intangible heritage began with the project to promote the Living Human Treasure System, adopted by UNESCO in 1993. In relation to this initiative, Korean government hosted international expert meetings and organized four international training workshops as part of the UNESCO program, while also developing and disseminating guidelines for the project. The full-scale cooperation gained momentum under the framework of the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, particularly with the establishment of the UNESCO Category 2 Center (ICHCAP) for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific region. Since 2007, during the planning phase of the center, Korea has supported Asia-Pacific countries in effectively implementing the convention. Mongolia and the Central Asian countries were all once under Soviet influence, and establishing a clear national identity became a critical task for Central Asian nations following their independence. Consequently, Mongolia and the Central Asian countries have actively participated in the implementation of the 2003 Convention, with support from Korea playing a vital role in helping these nations build institutional systems to safeguard intangible cultural heritage. The ICHCAP has supported the establishment of intangible heritage safeguarding systems, drawing from Korea's experience in heritage protection and UNESCO convention guidelines. This support involved creating legal and institutional mechanisms to protect intangible cultural heritage and establishing heritage inventories to allow for ongoing national management. The first such support project focused on Mongolia from 2007 to 2010 to establish the Living Human Treasure System, with subsequent multilateral cooperation projects based on this experience extended to the Central Asian countries. The purpose of this article is to introduce ‘Cooperation Project: the Utilization of Online Tools for the Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage’, which was promoted as a multilateral cooperation project with Central Asian countries from 2010 to 2014 through the inventory-making and ‘Cooperative Project to Raise the Visibility of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Central Asia’ as the project for enhancing the visibility of intangible cultural heritage through the video production, which was promoted with Mongolia and Central Asian countries from 2015 to 2018, and to examine its achievements and tasks.
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