크로체의 역사주의와 자유주의 - 19세기 역사 서술을 중심으로 -
Croce’s Historicism and Liberalism - Focused on His Writings of the 19th Century History -
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This article looks into the stereotyped ideas regarding famous Italian thinker, Benedetto Croce: ‘Croce the philosopher’ and ‘Croce the conservative liberal.’ It reveals that Croce laid out a considerable anti-fascist liberal view in his writings of history. The main points are as follows: 1) It is above all in his writings of the 19th century history, History of Europe in the Nineteenth Century and A History of Italy 1871-1915 that Croce showed well his own liberal view. 2) He consistently emphasized the moral, ethical and political phrases of history promoting the so-called ‘religion of liberty.’ 3) His liberalism was based on unique historicism, i.e. ‘absolute historicism’ and ‘historical realism.’ 4) His historicist liberalism embraces together the conflicting sides, for example, capitalism and socialism or ‘Historic Right’ and ‘Historic Left.’ This is, it can be said, the progressive aspects implicit in his thought. 5) Certainly, it can’t be denied that there are also the conservative implications in his liberalism. Indeed, it is often claimed that Croce passively accepted whatever had resulted from history(including even fascism). However, what is important in his recast liberalism is that we must set up the plural and liberal politico-cultural frames in which the conflicting sides can coexist and justly compete.
Abstract
This article looks into the stereotyped ideas regarding famous Italian thinker, Benedetto Croce: ‘Croce the philosopher’ and ‘Croce the conservative liberal.’ It reveals that Croce laid out a considerable anti-fascist liberal view in his writings of history. The main points are as follows: 1) It is above all in his writings of the 19th century history, History of Europe in the Nineteenth Century and A History of Italy 1871-1915 that Croce showed well his own liberal view. 2) He consistently emphasized the moral, ethical and political phrases of history promoting the so-called ‘religion of liberty.’ 3) His liberalism was based on unique historicism, i.e. ‘absolute historicism’ and ‘historical realism.’ 4) His historicist liberalism embraces together the conflicting sides, for example, capitalism and socialism or ‘Historic Right’ and ‘Historic Left.’ This is, it can be said, the progressive aspects implicit in his thought. 5) Certainly, it can’t be denied that there are also the conservative implications in his liberalism. Indeed, it is often claimed that Croce passively accepted whatever had resulted from history(including even fascism). However, what is important in his recast liberalism is that we must set up the plural and liberal politico-cultural frames in which the conflicting sides can coexist and justly compete.
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