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전염병과 소수집단 배제의 담론: 1918년 인플루엔자를 중심으로

The Discourse of the 1918 Influenza and Exclusion of the Minorities

김서형
대구사학회 (Daegu Sahakhoe)|2014.05|대구사학 (DAEGUSAHAK)|제115권 |pp. 393-426

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참고문헌

키워드

인종주의Racism차별과 배제Nativism1918년 인플루엔자1918 Influenza토착주의Discrimination and Exclusion반독일주의Anti-Germanism
주제분류역사학

초록

The 1918 Influenza was the most severe infectious disease in human history and various immigrants and blacks were affected by the infectious disease in American society. In Autumn of 1918, the infectious disease happened again and spread so rapidly. As a result, many people, especially German immigrants who went to the First World War, new immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe and blacks were blamed for the 1918 Influenza severely. They were minorities who had been discriminated by the majorities in American society. And discrimination and exclusion were reinforced through the 1918 Influenza. National, ethnic and racial prejudice about new immigrants and blacks had been combined with Nativism or Racism and caused visible exclusion. Many Americans regarded them as “disease carrier” and blamed for the terrible infectious disease. The 1918 Influenza, which was combined with war discourse became the chance to represent hostility to German immigrants. They were one of the majorities in American society, who came from Western Europe and established American traditional culture. But Anti-Germanism spread because of happening and rapid spread of the 1918 Influenza, and as a result, german immigrants became minorities in American society. The 1918 Influenza played a mechanism of exclusion for Southern and Eastern immigrants, who had migrated to America since the late 19th century. Italian immigrants had tried to assimilate into American society, so they were so eager to participate in control of the infectious disease or strategies of city and states public service, and United States Public Health Service. However, many Americans made a social discourse to regulate, control and even expel non-Anglo Saxon immigrants from the United States based on Nativism. Also, blacks who had been discriminated for a long time with Racism established several volunteer organizations to control the 1918 Influenza. But Racists wanted to spread the racial inferiority of blacks with the infectious disease. In this term, the 1918 Influenza provided clear standard to distinguish American things and non-American things. Many Americans believed that the 1918 Influenza didn’t happen in America and wanted to exclude various people by combining Nativism or Racism with medical or scientific knowledge. After all, actions to prevent new immigrants into American society were reinforced with the 1918 Influenza. (Ewha Womans University / flander77@gmail.com)

Abstract

The 1918 Influenza was the most severe infectious disease in human history and various immigrants and blacks were affected by the infectious disease in American society. In Autumn of 1918, the infectious disease happened again and spread so rapidly. As a result, many people, especially German immigrants who went to the First World War, new immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe and blacks were blamed for the 1918 Influenza severely. They were minorities who had been discriminated by the majorities in American society. And discrimination and exclusion were reinforced through the 1918 Influenza. National, ethnic and racial prejudice about new immigrants and blacks had been combined with Nativism or Racism and caused visible exclusion. Many Americans regarded them as “disease carrier” and blamed for the terrible infectious disease. The 1918 Influenza, which was combined with war discourse became the chance to represent hostility to German immigrants. They were one of the majorities in American society, who came from Western Europe and established American traditional culture. But Anti-Germanism spread because of happening and rapid spread of the 1918 Influenza, and as a result, german immigrants became minorities in American society. The 1918 Influenza played a mechanism of exclusion for Southern and Eastern immigrants, who had migrated to America since the late 19th century. Italian immigrants had tried to assimilate into American society, so they were so eager to participate in control of the infectious disease or strategies of city and states public service, and United States Public Health Service. However, many Americans made a social discourse to regulate, control and even expel non-Anglo Saxon immigrants from the United States based on Nativism. Also, blacks who had been discriminated for a long time with Racism established several volunteer organizations to control the 1918 Influenza. But Racists wanted to spread the racial inferiority of blacks with the infectious disease. In this term, the 1918 Influenza provided clear standard to distinguish American things and non-American things. Many Americans believed that the 1918 Influenza didn’t happen in America and wanted to exclude various people by combining Nativism or Racism with medical or scientific knowledge. After all, actions to prevent new immigrants into American society were reinforced with the 1918 Influenza. (Ewha Womans University / flander77@gmail.com)

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