고대·고려 초 울산지역 변동과 蔚州의 성립

Abstract

This article examines the changes in the local governance organizations in the Ulsan region, the role and status of it during the Three Kingdoms and the Unified Silla period, and the background behind the surrender of an Ulsan Hojok Park Yunung to Goryeo and the establishment of Ulju from the Late Unified Silla Dynasty to the Early Goryeo Dynasty. In the 530s, Silla established Gulahwagun(屈阿火郡) and Saengseoryanggun(生西良郡), using Gulahwachon and Saengseoryangchon as the center places of Gun(郡), and respectively subordinated Yulpochon(栗浦村), Uhwachon(于火村) to them. Silla decreased the size of its capital during the reign of King Sinmun and established Mohwagun(毛火郡) in the former capital areas. Silla also simultaneously demoted Gulahwagun to Gulahwahyeon, and made it and Yulpohyeon the subjugated Hyeon of Mohwagun. Prior to the unification of the Three Kingdoms, the Sapo(絲浦) located under the Taehwagyo Bridge in the Ulsan City served as the main gateway port(關門港) connecting the Silla Capital and the sea. After the unification, the role of the Ulsan region as a gateway decreased, as Danghangjin (党項津) newly had emerged as a gateway port for the exchange between Silla and China in the mid-sixth century, and as the number of people going to Japan by water via Yangsan from Gimhae or Geojedo had increased. Consequently, the Silla people started to recognize Ulsan region as the territory around the capital(王畿) and also as the land of Buddha(佛國土) like the capital of Silla. Therefore, in September 930, Park Yunung surrendered to Goryeo after the Later Baekje's attack to the capital of Silla which resulted in its killing of King Gyeongae whose last name was Park, and throning Kim Bu(King Gyeongsoon) in 927(the 4th year of King Gyeongae) and the Goryeo's overpowering of Later Baekje after the Battle of Gochang in January 930. Thanks to his surrender to Goryeo, Goryeo was able to secure a key military base and therefore was able to control the counties and prefectures south of Gyeongju. It created an advantageous situation for Goryeo as it could surround and pressure Silla from every direction since Silla was only controlling the Gyeongju area at that time. Therefore, the King Taejo of Goryeo merged Hagokhyeon(河曲縣), Upunghyeon (虞風縣), and Dongjinhyeon(東津縣) into Heungryeobu(興禮府) to give credit for Park Yunung’s contributions. In 940, Goryeo renamed Heongryeobu to Ulju(蔚州) and also subordinated Dongangun(東安郡) to it.