러일전쟁 이후 캘리포니아의 반일운동 형성(1905-1907)
The Formation of Anti-Japanese Movement in California Since Russo-Japanese War (1905-1907)
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초록
The purpose of this study is to examine the anti-Japanese movement in California from 1905 to 1907. In particular, this study analyzes main factors of Japanese exclusion around 1905 from several perspectives and how these factors interrelated to formulate anti-Japanese movement since Russo-Japanese War. Anti-Japanese hostility was already existed before Russo-Japanese War. There was a racial hierarchy in the United states as well as California since 1790. Asian immigrants were ‘aliens ineligible to citizenship’ until 1952. Also rapid increase of Japanese immigrants stimulated Californians. Above all, Russo-Japanese War became the crucial point for anti-Japanese movement in California. Californians started to recognize Japan as World power and watched Japan’s intervention to protect Japanese immigrants in California. The issue of Japanese immigrants became the special problem in California. Furthermore, the Japanese concentration and gradual encroachment in the farming became remarkable from 1905. In 1905 Asiatic Exclusion League was formated in San Francisco which became the typical institution for anti-Japanese movement until 1940s. The anti-Japanese sentiment reflected on the decision of San Francisco Board of Education to separate Japanese students from public school. Finally, in 1907 Executive Order 589 was proclaimed and immigration of Japanese laborers was prohibited.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the anti-Japanese movement in California from 1905 to 1907. In particular, this study analyzes main factors of Japanese exclusion around 1905 from several perspectives and how these factors interrelated to formulate anti-Japanese movement since Russo-Japanese War. Anti-Japanese hostility was already existed before Russo-Japanese War. There was a racial hierarchy in the United states as well as California since 1790. Asian immigrants were ‘aliens ineligible to citizenship’ until 1952. Also rapid increase of Japanese immigrants stimulated Californians. Above all, Russo-Japanese War became the crucial point for anti-Japanese movement in California. Californians started to recognize Japan as World power and watched Japan’s intervention to protect Japanese immigrants in California. The issue of Japanese immigrants became the special problem in California. Furthermore, the Japanese concentration and gradual encroachment in the farming became remarkable from 1905. In 1905 Asiatic Exclusion League was formated in San Francisco which became the typical institution for anti-Japanese movement until 1940s. The anti-Japanese sentiment reflected on the decision of San Francisco Board of Education to separate Japanese students from public school. Finally, in 1907 Executive Order 589 was proclaimed and immigration of Japanese laborers was prohibited.
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