쿠훌린극에 나타난 예이츠의 영웅관
W. B. Yeats's Hero in Cuchulain Plays
0
조회
0
다운로드
7
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper examines Yeats's idea of hero and heroism in his Cuchulain plays. Cuchulain is the mythological champion of the ancient province of Ulster. He is the protagonist in a cycle of plays written by Yeats over a span of thirty-five years. Cuchulain became for Yeats a personal symbol for the heroic as well as the national ideal. He was not only his mask or alter ego but also the chief representative of that heroic age to which Yeats wished Ireland to aspire. Yeats significantly altered the Celtic legend to serve his dramatic purposes. He was concerned more with the nature of heroism than with the character and the life of the Ulster champion. So he was not interested in the hero's superhuman feats of arms or bravery which his source had emphasized. Instead he wished his countrymen to learn the hero's spiritual virtues: the unyielding spirit of challenge in At the Hawk's Well; selfless courage and sacrifice for his country in The Green Helmet; the comparison and contrast between the actual anti-heroic world and the heroic ideal in On Baile's Strand; true love and self-sacrifice of his wife in The Only Jealousy of Emer; forgiveness, mercy, unselfishness, and transcendence of the fear of death in The Death of Cuchulain. Cuchulain's heroism consists in a combination of daring, gaiety, strength and beauty, and he is a free man, a challenger who, whether he wins or loses a specific battle, is ultimately victorious over himself and over others. The hero is freed from every form of hesitation, both moral and physical. The essence of Yeats's heroism is sacrifice and the creative joy separated from fear.
Abstract
This paper examines Yeats's idea of hero and heroism in his Cuchulain plays. Cuchulain is the mythological champion of the ancient province of Ulster. He is the protagonist in a cycle of plays written by Yeats over a span of thirty-five years. Cuchulain became for Yeats a personal symbol for the heroic as well as the national ideal. He was not only his mask or alter ego but also the chief representative of that heroic age to which Yeats wished Ireland to aspire. Yeats significantly altered the Celtic legend to serve his dramatic purposes. He was concerned more with the nature of heroism than with the character and the life of the Ulster champion. So he was not interested in the hero's superhuman feats of arms or bravery which his source had emphasized. Instead he wished his countrymen to learn the hero's spiritual virtues: the unyielding spirit of challenge in At the Hawk's Well; selfless courage and sacrifice for his country in The Green Helmet; the comparison and contrast between the actual anti-heroic world and the heroic ideal in On Baile's Strand; true love and self-sacrifice of his wife in The Only Jealousy of Emer; forgiveness, mercy, unselfishness, and transcendence of the fear of death in The Death of Cuchulain. Cuchulain's heroism consists in a combination of daring, gaiety, strength and beauty, and he is a free man, a challenger who, whether he wins or loses a specific battle, is ultimately victorious over himself and over others. The hero is freed from every form of hesitation, both moral and physical. The essence of Yeats's heroism is sacrifice and the creative joy separated from fear.
참고문헌 (33)
- 윤기호, "예이츠의 쿠훌린 주제 희곡 연구 1: At the Hawk's Well", 인문학지, 22, pp.65~79 (2001), 충북대학교 인문학연구소
- 윤기호, "예이츠의 쿠훌린 주제 희곡 연구 2: The Green Helmet", 인문학지, 24, pp.139~267 (2002), 충북대학교 인문학연구소
- 윤기호, "예이츠의 쿠훌린 주제 희곡 연구 3: On Baile's Strand", 인문학지, 26, pp.145~168 (2003), 충북대학교 인문학연구소
- 윤기호, "용서와 초월: 예이츠의 「쿠훌린의 죽음」 주제 연구", 영어영문학연구, 48(3), pp.175~194 (2006), 한국중앙영어영문학회
- 윤기호, "사랑과 희생: 예이츠의 "에머의 단 한 번 결투" 연구", 한국 예이츠 저널, 28, pp.83~111 (2007), 한국예이츠학회
- 한국예이츠학회, "한국 예이츠 저널 22" (2004), 동인
- 한국예이츠학회, "한국 예이츠 저널 31" (2009), 동인
- Bjersby, Birgit, "The Interpretation of the Cuchulain Legend in the Works of W. B. Yeats" (1950), Lundequist
- Bohlmann, Otto, "Yeats and Nietzsche: An Exploration of Major Nietzschean Echoes in the Writings of William Butler Yeats" (1982), Macmillan
- Bradley, Anthony, "William Butler Yeats" (1979), Frederick Ungar Publishing Co.
- Brown, Terence, "The Life of W. B. Yeats" (2001), Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
- Conner, Lester I., "A Yeats Dictionary" (1998), Syracuse University Press
- Donoghue, Denis, "William Butler Yeats", pp.1971, Fontana
- Eliot, T. S., "Ulysses, Order, and Myth. in: The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Vol. 2" (1969), W. W. Norton & Co., Inc.
- Friedman, Barton R., "Adventures in the Deeps of the Mind" (1977), Princeton University Press
- Gregory, Lady Augusta, "Cuchulain of Muirthemne" (1902), John Murray
- Jeffares, A. Norman, "A Commentary on the Collected Plays of W. B. Yeats" (1975), Macmillan
- Knowland, A. S., "W. B. Yeats: Dramatist of Vision" (1983), Colin Smythe
- McCready, Sam, "A William Butler Yeats Encyclopedia" (1997), Greenwood Press
- Moore, John Rees, "Maskes of Love and Death: Yeats as Dramatist" (1971), Cornell University Press
- Nathan, Leonard E., "The Tragic Drama of William Butler Yeats: Figures in a Dance" (1965), Columbia University Press
- Schneider, Joseph L., "Unity of Culture in Yeats's Drama" (1980), Seoul National University Press
- Skene, Reg, "The Cuchulain Plays of W. B. Yeats: A Study" (1974), Columbia University Press
- Taylor, Richard, "The Drama of W. B. Yeats: Irish Myth and the Japanese Nõ" (1976), Yale University Press
- Taylor, Richard, "A Reader's Guide to The Plays of W. B. Yeats" (1984), Macmillan Press
- Tennyson, G. B., "An Introduction to Drama" (1967), Holt, Rinehardt & Winston
- Unterecker, John, "A Reader's Guide to William Butler Yeats" (1959), Farrar, Straus & Giroux
- Ure, Peter, "Yeats the Playwright" (1963), Barnes and Nobles
- Yeats, William Butler, "Autobiographies" (1955), Macmillan
- Yeats, William Butler, "The Collected Plays of W. B. Yeats" (1952), Macmillan
- Yeats, William Butler, "Essays and Introductions" (1961), Macmillan
- Yeats, William Butler, "The Letters of W. B. Yeats" (1955), The Macmillan Company
- Yeats, William Butler, "The Variorum Edition of the Plays of W. B. Yeats" (1966), Macmillan