두 조선 사행의 외교 활동과 명의 대응 -1627년의 김상헌과 1637년의 김육-

Abstract

This paper is a study to examine the positions of the Ming Dynasty on Joseon during the two wars: Jeongmyo Horan and Byeongja Horan. Joseon was well aware of the contradictions and problems of the Ming society while maintaining the loyalty of the Ming Dynasty. Ming Dynasty also recognized Joseon as a faithful tribute country, but did not take a look of doubt about it, fearing that Joseon would betray in the rapidly changing international situation. In fact, this attitude of the Ming Dynasty has already been revealed since around the time of the outbreak of the Imjin War, the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and it was the same in the process of going through two wars: the Jeongmyo Horan and the Byeongja Horan. However, so far, it seems that little attention has been paid to why Ming Dynasty suspected Joseon and its impact and meaning on international relations. Perhaps it is because Joseon and Ming shared the logic of neo-Confucianism about the distinction between China and barbarian and they overcame the Imjin War together, so they took it for granted that they continued to maintain and carry out the Investiture-Tribute relationship in the face of two wars. However, as today, at that time, the state had no choice but to react sensitively to the rapidly changing international situation. Ming's suspicion of Joseon is also a natural reaction. This paper aims to examine the discussions and responses within the Ming Dynasty of the time through the activities of two envoys who conducted diplomacy in Beijing when the two wars broke out, Kim Sang-heon in 1637 and Kim Yuk in 1637, and think about what it suggests to us today.