경신참변과 중국정부의 대응

Abstract

This paper studied the conflict between China and Japan over influence on Koreans in Manchuria after the Gyeongsin Tragic Incident, and the relationship between China and Japan in the process of handling this Incident. In Manchuria, China's interest was focused on how to protect China's sovereignty from Japanese aggression. After Manchurian-Mongolia Treaty in 1915, Japan tried to expand its influence on Koreans in Manchuria. China and Japan were at odds with each other over the nationality issue of Koreans, the issue of land ownership, and the issue of jurisdiction over Koreans. The Hunchun Incident in 1920 played an important role in expanding Japan's military influence in Manchuria. After the Gyeongsin Tragic Incident, Japan tried to expand its influence on the Koreans in Manchuria by withdrawing its troops and increasing the police at the same time, and tried to manage the Koreans by organizing the Korean People's Association in Manchuria. From China's point of view, the Hunchun Incident was perceived from the perspective of diplomatic issues. At the time of the Gyeongsin Tragic Incident, the Chinese government focused on resolving the infringement on sovereignty through early withdrawal of troops instead of condoning Japan's suppression of the Korean independence movement and killing of Koreans. During the Gyeongsin Tragic Incident, the Chinese government tolerated Japan's suppression of the Korean independence movement and the killing of Koreans. Instead, it focused on resolving the situation in which China's sovereignty was being infringed upon by inducing the early withdrawal of Japanese troops. Therefore, at the time of the Gyeongsin Tragic Incident, they strongly protested against the killings and property losses of Chinese and Koreans who were naturalized in China. In addition, they protested and prevented Japan from expanding its influence or exercising control over Koreans in Manchuria, in addition to suppressing the Korean independence movement. In the process of negotiating the Hunchun Incident and the Gyeongsin Tragic Incident, it was found that the loss of life and property in China was far greater than that in Japan. Since then, the situation has changed with China's offensive and Japan's defense. Negotiations for damage compensation between the two countries were sluggish even after two years, and eventually ended without a conclusion. In the course of negotiations on the settlement of the Hunchun Incident and the Gyeongsin Tragic Incident, diplomatic issues between China and Japan emerged again. Negotiations were sluggish and dragged on as the two countries failed to come to any advanced conclusions on key issues. From China's point of view, negotiations could not be concluded unless the issues of Korean nationality and sovereignty were resolved. From Japan's point of view, there was no need to conclude negotiations because China suffered more damage than Japan, and there was no room for concessions to China on nationality issues. China used the negotiations as pressure on Japan rather than obtaining damages. Japan deliberately delayed and broke down the negotiations after China demanded much more damages than Japan. In the end, the two countries did not have the will to conclude negotiations, so Koreans did not receive any compensation even though they suffered enormous damage during the Gyeongsin Tragic Incident. The interests of the two countries diverged, and the key issues in Sino-Japanese relations were not easily resolved. In the end, the Hunchun Incident and the Gyeongsin Tragic Incident remained unsolved without being resolved.