아동의 욕구좌절특성에 따른 나무그림 반응

Abstract

This study examined characteristics of children’s responses to frustrationon the Tree Drawing Test. Participants were three-hundred and eighty-six children(grades 2 through 6) at two elementary schools, one in the city of Seoul and the other inthe city of Daegu. The Tree Drawing Test and Picture-Frustration Study were administered to the students from June 23rd, 2009 to July 10, 2009 by their homeroom teachers, who were informed of the purposesof the tests and received training from the researcher on how to conduct the tests. Data collection took 40 to 50 minutes. A total of four hundred and three sheets of the tests were collected, but only three hundred eighty six sheets on which the students completed both tests were chosen as data for this study. In the Picture-Frustration study, the students’ responses on the tests were scored on two factors: the direction of aggression(Extrapunitiveness, Intropunitiveness, and Impunitiveness) and the types of reaction(Obstacle-Dominance, Ego-Defense, and Need-Persistence). The students’ responses on the Tree Drawing Test were scored on 7 categories(18 factors). A cross tabulation was conducted on the data. First, the results showed no significant gender differences as to the direction of aggression and types of reaction from the participants, but significant differences were found across the school grades. Extrapunitiveness was most common in both male and female participants, followed by Ego-Defense. Second, the results of the Tree Drawing test showed significant gender differences on one factor and no significant across-grade differences on fourteen factors. Third, in the Tree Drawing Test, significant differences as to the direction of aggression were found on five factors(the number of knars, branch end, the crown shape, emphasis on the crown, fruit attaching). As to the types of reaction, significant differences were found on nine factors(the balance of the crown and trunk, trunk openness and closedness, branches in the crown, branch shapes, branch line, branch existence, branch end, crown shapes, fruit attaching)