现代汉语“在”的时空范畴与否定— 以动词“在”为中心
The Category of Space-time and Negation of ‘zai(在)’ in Mandarin Chinese
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This paper uses the Cognitive Grammar to analyze the reasons why both “他昨天不在家” and “他昨天没在家” can be used. This is mainly related to the grammatical features of the verb “Zai”, “Zai” is characterized relative to cognitive domains of space and time. The spatiality of “Zai” is embodied in the combination of its later locative words, The temporality of “Zai” is shown in its progressive meaning combined with its subsequent verbs. Scholars generally believe that the temporality of “Zai” is derived from spatial metonymy, but the author thinks that “Zai” itself has the characteristics of time and space. When the space domain of “Zai” is highlighted, “Zai” is characterized with the static feature, and use he negative marker “bu”. When the time domain of “Zai” is highlighted, the negative sentence of “Zai” generates an end point on the time axis, which needs to use the negative marker “Mei”. The prominence of cognitive domains is actually related to the speaker’s subjectivity, that is to say, the speaker’s subjective ideas may be affected by various internal and external factors, which activate the concepts in different cognitive domains and make them show different usages at the syntactic level.
Abstract
This paper uses the Cognitive Grammar to analyze the reasons why both “他昨天不在家” and “他昨天没在家” can be used. This is mainly related to the grammatical features of the verb “Zai”, “Zai” is characterized relative to cognitive domains of space and time. The spatiality of “Zai” is embodied in the combination of its later locative words, The temporality of “Zai” is shown in its progressive meaning combined with its subsequent verbs. Scholars generally believe that the temporality of “Zai” is derived from spatial metonymy, but the author thinks that “Zai” itself has the characteristics of time and space. When the space domain of “Zai” is highlighted, “Zai” is characterized with the static feature, and use he negative marker “bu”. When the time domain of “Zai” is highlighted, the negative sentence of “Zai” generates an end point on the time axis, which needs to use the negative marker “Mei”. The prominence of cognitive domains is actually related to the speaker’s subjectivity, that is to say, the speaker’s subjective ideas may be affected by various internal and external factors, which activate the concepts in different cognitive domains and make them show different usages at the syntactic level.
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