≪字林≫ 音注의 성모 체계
Phonological System of Initials as Reflected in the Zilin’s Sound Glosses
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We reconstruct the phonological system of initials as reflected in the Sound Glosses of the Zilin[≪字林≫]. The Zilin was compiled by Lü Chen[呂忱], whose birth and death years are unclear, but he is presumed to have lived during the West Jin[西晉] Era. His Glosses include both direct phonetic notaions and the fanqie spellings. We have examined approximately 770 valid gloss items to determine the initial system in the Zilin. The followings are our major findings: The Bang series[幇組] is maintained as bilibial plosives or nasals; the Old Chinese[OC] origins of the Duan series[端組] are diverse, but they have merged into a single series of alveolar plosives or nasals; the Zhi series[知組] has split from the Duan series and changed into retroflex sounds, tentatively giving an (r)Ṭ type; the Jian series[見組] remains unchanged; the Jing series[精組] and the Zhuang series[莊組] do not appear to have split from each other, all of which, in our study, are reconstructed tentatively as fricatives; some of the Zhang series[章組] have begun to be palatalised while others, such as K and T types, remain as plosives; the Ying series[影組] preserves its plosive nature; the Yi initial[以母] and the Xie initial[邪母] retain the segment l; the Ri initial[日母] retains nj as it was in OC; there are still some types of initial clusters retained, such as sɢ(l). sɡr, kl, ɡl, hm, sl, ɡ⋅r and the ‘consonant+r’ type. Unlike the previous two studies on the Zilin initial system, our study reveals that its system does not appear to have progressed significantly from that of OC regarding its initial system.
Abstract
We reconstruct the phonological system of initials as reflected in the Sound Glosses of the Zilin[≪字林≫]. The Zilin was compiled by Lü Chen[呂忱], whose birth and death years are unclear, but he is presumed to have lived during the West Jin[西晉] Era. His Glosses include both direct phonetic notaions and the fanqie spellings. We have examined approximately 770 valid gloss items to determine the initial system in the Zilin. The followings are our major findings: The Bang series[幇組] is maintained as bilibial plosives or nasals; the Old Chinese[OC] origins of the Duan series[端組] are diverse, but they have merged into a single series of alveolar plosives or nasals; the Zhi series[知組] has split from the Duan series and changed into retroflex sounds, tentatively giving an (r)Ṭ type; the Jian series[見組] remains unchanged; the Jing series[精組] and the Zhuang series[莊組] do not appear to have split from each other, all of which, in our study, are reconstructed tentatively as fricatives; some of the Zhang series[章組] have begun to be palatalised while others, such as K and T types, remain as plosives; the Ying series[影組] preserves its plosive nature; the Yi initial[以母] and the Xie initial[邪母] retain the segment l; the Ri initial[日母] retains nj as it was in OC; there are still some types of initial clusters retained, such as sɢ(l). sɡr, kl, ɡl, hm, sl, ɡ⋅r and the ‘consonant+r’ type. Unlike the previous two studies on the Zilin initial system, our study reveals that its system does not appear to have progressed significantly from that of OC regarding its initial system.
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