18세기 중엽 이후 대일무역의 변화와 節目의 제정

Abstract

The trade with Japan in the late Chosun Dynasty is classified into public trade, private trade(open market trade), and smuggling. Of these trades, the open market trade had developed into merchant trade, which traded silks(thread) and silver between Ching and Japan, and into the trade of jinseng and silver until the mid-18th century. Since mid-18th century, the trade with Japan had declined overall. The efforts to recover declining trade profit were made both in public trade and open market trade. Especially in public trade, movements to create profits by intermediating the operation of rice, which was a representative item, appeared frequently. Profits were made by not paying for Gongjakmi(公作米) delivered from every parts of Gyeongsang-do(慶尙道) on time and operating Supyomi(手標米). The money made through this type of operation was used to cover the financial need of the government office or was created as a private profit. This type of operation not only happened in the process of delivering Gongjakmi to Waegwan(倭館), but some attempts were made to cash out the Gongjakmi before sending it to Dongrae(東萊) from each part of Gyeongsang-do. It was also a common practice to operate Waeryomi(倭料米), which was given to the Japanese people stayed in Waegwan, in a similar way. To eradicate the activities of creating money using various rices, which were given to the Japanese people, including Gongjakmi or Waeryomi, Dongrae Jeobwae Detailed Regulation(東萊接倭節目) and Waejeol Detailed Regulation(接倭節目) were set in 1750 and 1789, respectively, which stipulated the punishment of lower level officials in Chosun who were in charge of rice distribution. It recorded in detail the changing pattern of trade after mid-18th century and the responses of Chosun.