The Mixed Constitution between Polybius and Cicero
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The same plot exists in the 6th book of Historiai written by Polybius and De re publica by Cicero. Both authors ponder which kind of polity is best among the three kinds, evade the proper answer relating to the question and then instead insist that the mixed polity is best. This similar plot of the two books hints that both shared common sources or that the former greatly influenced on the latter. This dialogue, which evaded the decision and providing an unexpected answer, had the effect of emphasizing the greatness of the Roman Republic. On the other hand, there is a huge difference in the usage of the expression ‘mixed constitution’. Although the concept of mixed constitution is established in order to explain the Roman system, the expression “mikte” is not used at all and a similar one is used only once by Polybius. On the contrary, Cicero clearly uses the word “mixta” in his book. This difference was perhaps related to the situation of the two authors. Polybius was in a captive status and could not estimate a unification as a key of Roman success actively. Cicero, however, urged the necessity for unifying other societies as a conqueror. This difference in status and condition made them have different attitudes. Lastly there was a logical contradiction as the mixed condition was originally a syndrome of decay. The same concept was explained as a key of Roman success by Polybius. Fundamentally the Greeks could not unify another society and state as an individual into their own system because of the teleological view of polis, but the Romans shaped their state from the beginning through the experience of unification. This historical difference went along with that of state conception. While a polity means the relationships among its citizens, a republic takes unification for granted. These caused the two writers to have different ways of thinking and showed the cultural differences between them.
Abstract
The same plot exists in the 6th book of Historiai written by Polybius and De re publica by Cicero. Both authors ponder which kind of polity is best among the three kinds, evade the proper answer relating to the question and then instead insist that the mixed polity is best. This similar plot of the two books hints that both shared common sources or that the former greatly influenced on the latter. This dialogue, which evaded the decision and providing an unexpected answer, had the effect of emphasizing the greatness of the Roman Republic. On the other hand, there is a huge difference in the usage of the expression ‘mixed constitution’. Although the concept of mixed constitution is established in order to explain the Roman system, the expression “mikte” is not used at all and a similar one is used only once by Polybius. On the contrary, Cicero clearly uses the word “mixta” in his book. This difference was perhaps related to the situation of the two authors. Polybius was in a captive status and could not estimate a unification as a key of Roman success actively. Cicero, however, urged the necessity for unifying other societies as a conqueror. This difference in status and condition made them have different attitudes. Lastly there was a logical contradiction as the mixed condition was originally a syndrome of decay. The same concept was explained as a key of Roman success by Polybius. Fundamentally the Greeks could not unify another society and state as an individual into their own system because of the teleological view of polis, but the Romans shaped their state from the beginning through the experience of unification. This historical difference went along with that of state conception. While a polity means the relationships among its citizens, a republic takes unification for granted. These caused the two writers to have different ways of thinking and showed the cultural differences between them.
참고문헌 (24)
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