북경에서 만난 조선과 서양— 서양 선교사의 조선 관련 기록 발굴을 중심으로

Abstract

During the Chosôn Dynasty, Chosôn emissaries traveled to Beijing and interacted not only with Chinese people but also with various foreigners. This study seeks to find records of Western missionaries’ encounters with Chosôn. During their visits to China, the envoys often visited the Peking Catholic Church as a tourist attraction and recorded these events in their journals. There are many Western missionaries that the travelers met in China. However, there are only a few journals that detail their encounters, such as Lee Gi-ji’s Ilahm yôngi and Hong Tae-yong’s Tahmhôn yôngi. This is because most of the performers took a casual approach to meeting strange-looking people from the West, and because of language limitations. The encounters with Western missionaries are recorded in various logbooks, such as Ilahm yôngi by Lee Gi-ji, Pukwonrok by Lee Sang-bong, Yônhaeng ilnok by Jông Kwang-ch’ung, Tahmhôn yôn’gi by Hong Tae-yong, and Yôlha giyu by Sô Ho-soo. Meanwhile, Westerners also recorded their experiences about Korea. Western missionaries in Japan and China regularly wrote to the Vatican and their Jesuit orders about China and Japan, often including descriptions of Korea in the process. In the 18th century, Korean emissaries to Peking typically visited the Catholic Church and interacted with Western missionaries. In particular, Lee Gi-ji, who traveled to Beijing in 1720 as a vassal of his father, the politician Lee Yi-myông, recorded his encounters with missionaries in detail in his Ilahm yôngi. He interacted with Ignatius Koggler, Joseph Surez, Joachium Bouvert, Antoin de Magalhaens, Jean-Francois Cardoso, Xavier-Ehrenbert Fridelli, Giuseppe Da Costa, Jean Baptiste Regis, Petrus V. du Torte, Francois-Xavier D’Entrecolles, Pierre Jartoux, and other Western missionaries on a total of 26 occasions, exchanging opinions on various fields such as Western culture, Catholicism, and astronomy. Chosôn emissaries who visited Beijing in the mid-18th century, such as Chung Kwang-ch’ung, Lee Sang-bong, and Hong Tae-yong, mainly met with Hallerstein, and Sô Ho-soo, who visited until the end of the 18th century, exchanged letters with Bishop Gouvea. Among the Western missionaries with whom these emissaries came into contact were August von Hallerstein and Alexandre de Gouvea. They leave behind records about Korea. In his The Imperial Biography of China, Jean Baptiste Du Halde includes letters from Jean Baptiste Regis, providing the most detailed introduction to Korean history and culture in the West at the time. Hallerstein describes Korean in a letter to his brother. Bishop Gouvea also wrote a letter about Korea called The Miraculous Introduction of Catholicism to the Kingdom of Chosôn and Its Miraculous Progress. In this paper, I introduce the Korean-related records of Western missionaries whom Chosôn emissaries met in Peking.