Resolving a Persistent Chronographic Problem in the Early Hellenistic Period: SEG 36.165 and the ‘Special’ Eleusinian Mysteries of 303 BC
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The extraordinary initiation of Demetrius Poliorcetes (‘The Besieger of Cities’) into the Eleusinian Mysteries in the late fourth century was viewed as an act of sacrilege by the biographer Plutarch 400 years later, and has passed into a canonical catalogue of iniquities perpetrated by Demetrius in Athens from 304–302 BC. Scholars have predictably followed Plutarch’s lead, and added this incident to Demetrius’ outrageous antics with his favourite courtesans in the opisthodomus of the Parthenon, and many other lamentable peccadilloes. The more shocking sin, however, is a historiographic one: Plutarch and Diodorus Siculus, the crucial literary sources, have BOTH misplaced the irregular Eleusinian initiation in their accounts. The odds against such a thing occurring are surely astronomical, and this has derailed scholarly analysis of these years for two millennia! But the occurrence of a single word in SEG 36.165, an Athenian inscription honouring one of Demetrius’ officers, a certain Medon, corrects the chronography, and has profound repercussions for the historical narrative and modern scholarly interpretations and reconstructions of these years.
Abstract
The extraordinary initiation of Demetrius Poliorcetes (‘The Besieger of Cities’) into the Eleusinian Mysteries in the late fourth century was viewed as an act of sacrilege by the biographer Plutarch 400 years later, and has passed into a canonical catalogue of iniquities perpetrated by Demetrius in Athens from 304–302 BC. Scholars have predictably followed Plutarch’s lead, and added this incident to Demetrius’ outrageous antics with his favourite courtesans in the opisthodomus of the Parthenon, and many other lamentable peccadilloes. The more shocking sin, however, is a historiographic one: Plutarch and Diodorus Siculus, the crucial literary sources, have BOTH misplaced the irregular Eleusinian initiation in their accounts. The odds against such a thing occurring are surely astronomical, and this has derailed scholarly analysis of these years for two millennia! But the occurrence of a single word in SEG 36.165, an Athenian inscription honouring one of Demetrius’ officers, a certain Medon, corrects the chronography, and has profound repercussions for the historical narrative and modern scholarly interpretations and reconstructions of these years.
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