『니코마코스 윤리학』의 ergon 논변
The Ergon Arugment of Nicomachean Ethics
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본고의 목표는 ergon 논변에 대한 다양한 비판으로부터 본 논변을 구조하는 것이다. ergon 논변은 『니코마코스 윤리학』 전체 내용의 토대 구실을 하는 중요한 논변이다. 하지만 본 논변은 오랫동안 다양한 비판에 시달려왔다. 이 비판은 인간에게 일종의 기능이 있다는 전제와 관련된 비판, 인간 ergon이 무엇인가에 대한 문제 제기, 그리고 인간 ergon이 무엇인가에 관한 진술로부터 무엇이 인간에게 좋은 것인가, 곧 인간이 어떻게 살아야 하는가에 관한 진술을 도출하는 본 논변의 전체 틀에 대한 비판이라는 세 종류로 정리할 수 있다. 본고를 통해 필자는 모든 인간 행동이 어떤 목적에 의거한다는 점을 생각할 때 인간에게 인간‘으로서’ 이루어야 할 고유의 ergon이 있고, 이것이 이성의 활동을 그 핵심으로 한다는 점은 영혼에 대한 그의 생각과 정합적이며, 전술한 주장들과 함께 자연주의적 도덕실재론을 받아들이는 한 본 논변의 전체 틀 역시 큰 문제가 없다고 주장한다.
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to rescue the ergon argument from various criticisms it has received. The ergon argument is an important argument that provides the foundation for the entire Nicomachean Ethics. However, it has been subjected to three main kinds of criticism which can lead to questions about the legitimacy of the entire work. The existing criticisms can be summarised into three categories: criticisms related to the premise that humans have a function, criticisms that raise the question of what the human ergon is, and criticisms of the overall framework of the argument. In this paper, I argue (i) that humans have a unique ergon to fulfil 'as humans', given that all human behaviour has some purpose, (ii) that it is consistent with Aristotle’s idea of soul that this ergon has the activity of reason at its core, and (iii) that the whole framework of the argument holds as long as we accept naturalistic moral realism alongside my aforementioned claims.
참고문헌 (58)
- 강상진, "니코마코스 윤리학" (2020), 길
- Bywater, I., "Aristotelis Ethica Nicomachea" (1894), Clarendon Press
- Crisp, T., "Aristotle : Nicomachean Ethics" (2000), Cambridge University Press
- Dodds, E. R., "Plato: Gorgias" (1959), Oxford University Press
- Frede, D., "Nikomachische Ethik. Übersetzung mit Einleitung und Kommentar" (2020), De Gruyter
- Irwin, T., "Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics" (1999), Hackett
- MacIntyre, A., "After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory" (1984), University of Notre Dame Press
- Moore, G. E., "Principia Ethica" (1922), Cambridge University Press
- Ross, W. D., "Aristotle’s Physics" (1963), Clarendon Press
- Rowe, C., "Aristotle : Nicomachean Ethics" (2002), Oxford University Press
- Rowe, C., "Ars Rhetorica" (1959), Clarendon Press
- Selby-Bigge, L. A., "Hume: A Treatise of Human Nature" (1978), Clarendon Press
- Abolafia, J., "Essentialism and Pluralism in Aristotle’s ‘Function Argument’ (NE 1.7)", Epoché: A Journal for the History of Philosophy, 21(2), pp.391~400 (2017)
- Achtenberg, D., "The Role of the Ergon Argument in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics", Ancient Philosophy, 9, pp.37~47 (1989)
- Ackrill, J., "Aristotle’s Ethics: Selections from Philosophers" (1973), Faber
- Ackrill, J., "Aristotle on Eudaimonia", pp.15~34 (1980)
- Adkins, A. W. H, "The Connection between Aristotle’s Ethics and Politics", Political Theory, 12(1), pp.29~49 (1984)
- Arp, R., "Bad Arguments: 100 of the Most Important Fallacies in Western Philosophy" (2019), Wiley-Blackwell
- Austin, J. L., "Agathon and Eudaimonia in the Ethics of Aristotle", pp.1~31 (1967)
- Baker, S., "Defining the Human Good: Aristotle’s Ergon Arugment", Ph.D., pp.2014
- Baker, S., "The Concept of Ergon: Towards an Achievement Interpretation of Aristotle’s ‘Function Argument’", Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, 48, pp.227~266 (2015)
- Baker, S., "A Monistic Conclusion to Aristotle’s Ergon Argument: the Human Good as the Best Achievement of a Human", Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie, 103(3), pp.373~403 (2021)
- Barney, R., "Aristotle’s Argument for A Human Function", Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, 34, pp.293~322 (2008)
- Bobonich, C., "The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Ethics" (2019), Cambridge University Press
- Bostock, D., "Aristotle’s Ethics" (2000), Oxford University Press
- Broadie, S., "Ethics with Aristotle" (1991), Oxford University Press
- Burnet, J., "The Ethics of Aristotle" (1900), Methuen
- Charles, D., "Aristotle on Virtue and Happiness", pp.105~123 (2017)
- Clark, S., "Aristotle’s Man" (1975), Clarendon Press
- Cooper, J., "Reason and Human Good in Aristotle" (1975), Cambridge University Press
- Cooper, J., "Reason and Emotion: Essays on Aristotle’s Moral Psychology and Ethical Theory" (1987), Princeton University Press
- Gomez-Lobo, A., "The Ergon Inference", Phronesis, 34(2), pp.170~184 (1989)
- Glassen, P., "A Fallcay in Aristotle’s Argument about the Good", Philosophical Quarterly, 66, pp.319~322 (1957)
- Hardie, W. F. R., "Aristotle’s Ethical Theory" (1980), Oxford University Press
- Henry, D., "Bridging the Gap between Aristotle’s Science and Ethics" (2015), Cambridge University Press
- Irwin, T., "The Metaphysical and Psychological basis of Aristotle’s Ethics", pp.35~53 (1980)
- Irwin, T., "Conceptions of Happiness in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics" (2012)
- Karbowski, J., "Aristotle’s Method in Ethics: Philosophy in Practice" (2019), Cambridge University Press
- Korsgaard, C. M., "The Constitution of Agency: Essays on Practical Reason and Moral Psychology" (2008), Oxford University Press
- Kraut, R., "Aristotle on Human Good" (1989), Princeton University Press
- Kraut, R., "Aristotle : Political Philosophy" (2002), Oxford University Press
- Lawrence, G., "The Function of the Function Argument", Ancient Philosophy, 21, pp.445~475 (2001)
- Lawrence, G., "Is Aristotle’s Function Argument Fallacious?", Philosophical Inquiry, 31(1-2), pp.191~224 (2009)
- McCraw, B. W., "Naturalistic Fallacy", pp.193~195 (2019)
- Megone, C., "Aristotle’s Function Argument and the Concept of Mental Illness", Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology, 5(3), pp.187~201 (1998)
- Moravscik, J. M. E., "Aristotle: A Collection of Critical Essays" (1967), University of Notre Dame Press
- Nagel, T., "Aristotle on Eudaimonia" (1980)
- Nozick, R., "Philosophical Explanations" (1981), Harvard University Press
- Pakaluk, M., "Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics: An Introduction" (2005), Cambridge University Press
- Reeve, C. D. C., "Practice of Reason : Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics" (1992), Clarendon Press
- Rorty, A. O., "Essays on Aristotle’s Ethics" (1980), University of California Press
- Scott, D., "Levels of Argument: A Comparative Study of Plato’s Republic & Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics" (2015), Oxford University Press
- Shields, C., "The Oxford Handbook of Aristotle" (2012), Oxford University Press
- Shields, C., "The Science of Soul in Aristotle’s Ethics" (2015)
- Suits, B., "Aristotle on the Function of Man: Fallacies, Heresies, and other Entertainments", Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 4, pp.23~40 (1974)
- Whiting, J., "Aristotle’s Function Argument : A Defense", Ancient Philosophy, 8, pp.33~48 (1988)
- Wickes, K. V., "The Good Man and the Good for Man in Aristotle’s Ethics", Mind, 87, pp.553~571 (1978)
- Williams, B., "Morality: An Introduction to Ethics" (1972), Cambridge University Press