Morphological Characteristics and Relationships among Arachis Species
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Abstract
The genus Arachis L. is distributed widely throughout South America. This genus encompasses 80 described species, and 31 species belong to section Arachis, which is divided into diploid and tetraploid species. The objective of this study was to determine the morphological characteristics and genetic relationships among A. hypogaea L. cv. Daekwang and thirteen germplasms, using RAPD techniques. Peanut plants were cultivated in pots (1.2×0.8 m2) with clay loam in a glass-covered greenhouse and genetic relationship was identified by DNA polymorphisms using PCR. Thirteen germplasms bloomed between June 18th and June 25th, the majority of which bloomed 3∼10 days later than Daekwang (June 15th). The leaf size of A. batizocoi Krapov. & W. C. Gregory was similar to that of Daekwang, three germplasms, A. monticola Krapov. & Rig., A. paraguariensis Chodat & Hassler, and A. dardani Krapov. & W. C. Gregory, were bigger than Daekwang, but the others were smaller. Twelve germplasms evidenced peduncle longer than those of A. hypogaea L. cv. Daekwang. All of the seeds of the germplasms were smaller than those of Daekwang (76.2 g), and the weight of 100 mature seeds ranged from 6.0∼36.1 g in sections Arachis, Erectoides, Procumbentes, and Heteranthaes. The genetic relationship distance was determined among Daekwang, A. sylvestris, A. monticola, and A. batizocoi.
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