독일의 자가소유율이 낮은 이유 - 주택체제론(housing regime) 관점의 검토 -
The reason why the German home ownership rate is so low and its implications : based on housing regime discussion
1
조회
0
다운로드
14
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
독일은 선진국들 중에서는 스위스를 제외하면 자가소유율이 가장 낮은 반면, 민간임대비중은 가장 높은 ‘예외적’인 국가이다. 더구나 2000년대 들어 유럽 대부분의 나라들이 급격한 주택가격 상승과 하락을 경험했지만, 독일은 이 부분에서도 예외였다. 이처럼 독일이 자가소유율이 낮고 주택가격이 안정된 이유가 무엇인지에 대해 많은 연구들이 관심을 기울여 왔다. 자가소유를 우대하지 않는 세제, 보수적인 모기지 제도, 실용적인 민간임대차 제도, 저소득층이 무리해서 자가를 갖지 않는 소유 문화 등을 이유로 들고 있다. 그러나 이 논문은 보다 종합적으로 독일의 특성을 살펴보기 위해 주택체제론 관점에서 해석을 시도했다. 독일의 보수적인 복지체제와 강한 코포라티즘이 주택체제에 어떤 영향을 미치고 있는지를 밝히는 데 주안점을 둔 것이다. 민간임대 중심의 독일 주택체제는 우리나라와 그 역사적, 제도적 차이가 분명하다. 하지만 독일의 주택정책 경험은 전환기적 대안을 모색하고 있는 우리나라에도 상당한 시사점을 제공해주고 있다. 특히 민간임대 시장을 활성화하고 공식화하려는 차원이나 민간부문을 활용하여 공공임대주택을 확대하려는 차원에서는 독일의 경험이 많은 도움을 줄 것이다.
Abstract
Germany is one of the lowest countries in home ownership rate and the highest in the proportion of private rented. Unlike other developed countries, German house prices have shown such a stable trend for a long period. This kind of low home ownership rate and stable house prices could be called ‘an outlier’ in advanced countries' housing market. This study aims at investigating the reason why the German home ownership rate is so low. So far, less benefit for home ownership than other European countries, reasonable rent regulation, and long-term stable house prices have been the key factors of the reason. For more thorough understanding, however, it requires something systematic views related with welfare regime and power structure of Germany. A housing regime discussion is useful to understand the German housing market more systematically. The German housing regime has characteristics of corporatism with stratified ownership structure and utilizing the most private sector ability. The housing regime and housing market condition have affected each other to strengthen the peculiar German model. The German model has implications on Korean housing policy especially in institutionalizing private rental market and utilizing private sector for supplying public housing.
참고문헌 (91)
- 해외 주거복지정책 사례연구(자문편), "국토해양부", 국토해양부, ~ (2012)
- 김성수, "독일의 사회적 시장경제에서 복지국가의 변화", 한국정책학회 춘계 학술대회발표자료 (2010)
- 김수진, "민주주의와 계급정치-서유럽 정치와 정치경제의 역사적 전개" (2001), 백산서당
- 김수현, "선진국 자가소유 논의와 우리나라에 대한 정책적 시사점 : 주택점유형태 간 균형과 다주택 문제를 중심으로", 경제와 사회, (83), pp.258~283 (2009), 비판사회학회
- 어려운 시기의 복지국가 : 독일 복지국가의 사례, "김원섭", 대통령자문 고령화 및 미래사회위원회, ~ (2004)
- 박병현, "복지국가의 비교 : 영국, 미국, 스웨덴, 독일의 사회복지역사와 변천" (2005), 공동체
- 박병현, "복지국가 발달의 문화적 분석", 한국사회복지학, 57(3), pp.277~304 (2005), 한국사회복지학회
- 손낙구, "부동산 계급사회" (2008), 후마니타스
- 신동면, "복지국가 트릴레마 양상의 변화‒퍼지셋 이상형 분석의 적용‒", 한국사회정책, 19(3), pp.119~147 (2012), 한국사회정책학회
- 신진욱, "금융화 시대의 주택체제 변동의 네 가지 경로: 국제 비교 관점에서 본 한국 주택불평등 구조의 특성", 경제와 사회, (95), pp.218~253 (2012), 비판사회학회
- 신동수, "독일 주택정책", 주택포럼, (8), pp.89~98 (1997), 주택산업연구원
- 안순권, "유럽복지모델 발전과 개혁의 시사점" (2006), 한국경제연구원
- 안순권, "독일경제의 회복현황과 시사점" (2007), 한국경제연구원
- 오승구, "독일 경제위기를 어떻게 볼 것인가: 사회적 시장경제체제와 슈뢰더의 경제개혁" (2005), 삼경경제연구소
- 윤자영, "독일 복지국가와 저임금 노동", 국제노동 브리프, pp.1~4 (2012), 한국노동연구원
- 이상영, "지속가능한 민간임대 주택시장에 대한 대안적 검토", 동향과 전망, (86), pp.321~354 (2012), 한국사회과학연구회
- 이진숙, "보수주의 복지국가들의 가족정책적 경로의존성에 대한 연구 - 독일과 스위스를 중심으로", 한독사회과학논총, 21(2), pp.167~188 (2011), 한독사회과학회
- 이창무, "다주택자에 대한 사회적 논란과 그 해법", 주택연구, 18(1), pp.185~215 (2010)
- 이현진, "최근 독일 경제 활성화의 주요 요인과 향후 전망", 지역경제포커스, (4), pp.1~2 (2011), 대외경제정책연구원
- 정의룡, "서구와 한국 복지국가의 변화와 지속: 퍼지셋 이상형 분석을 중심으로", 한국정치학회보, 46(1), pp.309~336 (2012), 한국정치학회
- 정재훈, "독일 복지국가와 사회복지 서비스" (2009), 집문당
- 채구묵, "복지국가 유형과 소득불평등 및 빈곤율과의 관계", 비판사회정책, (37), pp.325~365 (2012), 비판과대안을위한사회복지학회[DOI]
- 독일 주택시장이 장기간 안정적인 이유, "한국은행", 한국은행, ~ (2011)
- 매일경제, "美·中이어 獨마저…2분기 세계경제 경고등", ~ (2013)
- 조선일보, "獨, 올 경제성장률 전망 0.5%로 상향…‘내수 기대'", ~ (2013)
- 大場茂明, "ドイツ住宅政策, In 欧米の住宅政策 ―イギリス・ドイツ・フランス・アメリカ" (1997), ミネルヴァ書房
- Allen, J., "Welfare Regimes, Welfare Systems and Housing in Southern Europe", European Journal of Housing Policy, 6(3), pp.251~277 (2006)
- Arbaci, S., "Ethnic Segregation, Housing Systems and Welfare Regimes in Europe", European Journal of Housing Policy, 7(4), pp.401~433 (2007)
- Importance of government policies for home ownership rates: An international survey and analysis, "Atterhög, M", Royal Institute of Technology, ~ (2005)
- Balchin, P., "Housing Policy in Europe" (1996), Routledge
- Busch-Geertsema, V., "The changing role of the state in German housing and social policy", European Journal of Housing Policy, 4(3), pp.303~321 (2004)
- Castles, F. G., "The really big trade-off: home ownership and the welfare state in the new world and the old", Acta Politica, 33(1), pp.5~19 (1998)
- Castles, F. G., "Home ownership and welfare: is southern Europe different?", South European Society and Politics, 1(2), pp.163~185 (1996)
- Deckor, P. de, "Home ownership beyond asset and security : Perceptions of housing related security and insecurity in eight European countries" (2007), IOS Press
- Deilmann, C., "Housing stock shrinkage: vacancy and demolition trends in Germany", Building Research and Information, 37(5-6), pp.660~668 (2009)
- Mayer, T., "Euro area property prices: Germany versus the rest, Current Issues: Real Estate", Deutsche Bank, ~ (2012)
- Housing Statistics in the European Union, "Dol, K.", Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, ~ (2010)
- Doling, J., "Comparative Housing Policy" (1997), MacMillan Press
- Doling, J., "Housing as Income in Old Age", International Journal of Housing Policy, 12(1), pp.13~26 (2012)
- Earley, F., "What explains the differences in home ownership rates in Europe", Housing Finance International, pp.25~30 (2004)
- Ebbinghaus, B., "Comparing Welfare State Regimes: Are Typologies an Ideal or Realistic Strategy?", Draft Paper presented at European Social Policy Analysis Network, ESPAnet Conference (2012)
- EU Housing Statistics, "Eiglsperger, M.", IFC, ~, pp.IFC Bulletin No.31 (2008)
- Esping-Anderson, G., "The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism" (1990), Blackwell
- Housing Finance in the Euro Area, "European Central Bank", European Central Bank, ~, pp.Occasional Paper Series No.101 (2009)
- Housing and Property Markets in Germany 2011 at a Glance, "Schürt, A.", Federal Institute, ~ (2012)
- Griggs, J., "Housing Allowances as Income Support: Comparing European Welfare Regimes", International Journal of Housing Policy, 12(4), pp.391~412 (2012)
- Groves, R., "Housing and the New Welfare State: Examples from East Asia and Europe" (2007), Ashgate
- Do we really understand home ownership rates? An international study, "Gwin, C. R.", Baylor University, ~ (2004)
- Haffner, M., "Bridging the gap between social and market rented housing in six European countries?" (2009), IOS Press
- Harloe, M, "The People's Home?: Social Rented Housing in Europe & America" (1995), Routledge
- Origins of security and insecurity: the interplay of housing systems with jobs, household structures, finance, and social security, "Hegedüs J.", ~ (2005)
- Heijden, H. van der, "Social Rented Housing in Western Europe: Developments and Expectations", Urban Studies, 39(2), pp.327~340 (2002)
- Heijden H. van der, "Western European housing systems and the impact of the international financial crisis", Journal of Housing and the Built Environment (2011)
- Ends and means: The future roles of social housing in England, "Hills, J.", ESRC, ~, pp.CASE report 34 (2007)
- Hoekstra, J., "Housing and the Welfare State in the Netherlands: An Application of Esping-Andersen's Typology", Housing, Theory and Society, 20, pp.58~71 (2003)
- German's Housing Policy at the Crossroads, "Hurbert, F.", ~ (1993)
- Jones, A., "Demographic Change and Retirement Planning: Comparing Households' Views on the Role of Housing Equity in Germany and the UK", International Journal of Housing Policy, 12(1), pp.27~45 (2012)
- Kasza, G. J., "The illusion of welfare regime", Journal of Social Policy, 31(2), pp.271~287 (2002)
- Kemeny, J, "Housing and social theory" (1992), Routledge
- Kemeny, J, "From Public Housing to the Social Market: rental policy strategies in comparative perspective" (1995), Routledge
- Kemeny, J., "Theories of Power in the Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism", Journal of European Social Policy, 5(2), pp.87~96 (1995)
- Kemeny, J., "Schools of Comparative Housing Research: From Convergence to Divergence", Housing Studies, 13(2), pp.161~176 (1998)
- Kemeny, J., "Comparative housing and welfare: theorising the relationship", Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 16(1), pp.53~70 (2001)
- Kemeny, J., "The really big trade-off between home ownership and welfare", Housing, Theory and Society, 22(2), pp.59~75 (2005)
- Kemeny, J, "Corporatism and Housing Regimes", Housing, Theory and Society, 23(1), pp.1~18 (2006)
- Kemeny, J., "Non-profit Housing Influencing, Leading and Dominating the Unitary Rental Market : Three Case Studies", Housing Studies, 20(6), pp.855~872 (2005)
- Kemp, P. A., "Contrasting varieties of private renting: England and Germany", International Journal of Housing Policy, 10(4), pp.379~398 (2010)
- Kirchner, J., "The Declining Social Rental Sector in Germany", European Journal of Housing Policy, 7(1), pp.85~101 (2007)
- Kloth, M., "Home ownership : Getting in, getting from, getting out" (2005), DUP Science
- Kofner, S., "Housing market and housing policy in German", Osaka presentation, ~ (2011)
- Lennartz, C., "Power structures and privatization across integrated rental markets: exploring the cleavage between typologies of welfare regimes and housing systems", Housing, Theory and Society, 28(4), pp.342~359 (2011)
- Lieberknecht, C., "German housing markets - facts, figures and structures", Paper for CECODHAS Housing Europe Conference (2012)
- Lindenthal, T., "Prolonged Crisis: Housing in Germany and Berlin, In Global Housing: Markets, Crises, Institutions, and Policies" (2011), John Wiley & Sons
- Malpass, P., "Path Dependancy and the Measurement of Change in Housing Policy", Housing, Theory and Society, 28(4), pp.305~319 (2011)
- Mulder, C. H., "Homeownership Regimes and Low Fertility", Housing Studies, 25(4), pp.527~541 (2010)
- Norris, M., "Home ownership, housing regimes and income inequalities in Western Europe", International Journal of Social Welfare, 21, pp.127~138 (2012)
- Housing Markets and Structural Policies in OECD Countries, "OECD", OECD, ~, pp.OECD Economic Department Working Paper No.836 (2011)
- Oxley, M., "The role of policy in supporting the private rented sector: international comparison", Paper for 23rd ENHR Conference (2011)
- Pfau, J., "Globalisation and home ownership: Experiences in eight member states of the European Union" (2003), DUP Science
- Power, A., "Hovels to highrise: state housing in Europe since 1850" (1993), Routledge
- Quilgars, D., "Housing Wealth: A Safety Net of Last Resort? Findings from a European Study, In The Housing Wealth of Nations" (2010), Blackwell
- Ronald, R., "Testing Home Ownership as the Cornerstone of Welfare : Lessons from East Asia for the West", Housing Studies, 27(7), pp.940~961 (2012)
- Taylor-Gooby, P., "The Response of Government: Fragile Convergence?, In European Welfare Policy" (1996), Macmillan Press Ltd.
- Tegeder, G., "Home ownership beyond asset and security : Perceptions of housing related security and insecurity in eight European countries" (2007), IOS Press
- Tomann, H., "Germany, In Housing Policy in Europe" (1996), Routledge
- Turner, B., "The social limits to growth : Security and insecurity aspects of home ownership" (2006), IOS Press
- Voigtländer, M., "Why is the German Homeownership Rate so Low?", Housing Studies, 24(3), pp.355~372 (2009)
