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국제 비교적 관점에서 임대주택 시스템 변화와 향후 정책 방향

Transitional Changes and Future Policy Direction of Rental Housing System in Cross-national Comparative Context

진미윤
국토연구원|2011.12|국토연구 (The Korea Spatial Planning Review)|제71권 |pp. 87-113|DOI 10.15793/kspr.2011.71..005

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키워드

주택정책Housing Policy공공임대주택Public Rental Housing사회주택Social Housing임대주택 시스템Rental Housing System

초록

본 논문은 10개국의 임대주택 시스템 비교 및 최근 20년간의 정책 변화의 영향을 분석함으로써 향후 공공임대주택의 역할과 정책 방향을 전망하였다. 임대주택 시스템의 분석틀은 Harloe와 Kemeny의 이론적 체계에 근거하며, 재고 비중, 공급주체, 입주계층, 임대료 수준, 민간임대주택과 자가소유와의 관계에 초점을 두었다. 두 유형의 임대주택 시스템을 비교 분석한 결과, 지난 20년간 공공임대주택은 재고 감소, 공급주체 및 공급방식의 다양화, 잔여화 경향으로 나타났다. 이는 신자유주의적 정책 기조에서 비롯한 시장주의, 규제완화, 민영화와 자가소유로의 정책 전환에 따른 결과다. 이로써 이원적 임대시스템에서 공공임대주택은 이전보다 더욱 잔여화된 영역으로 굳어졌고, 단일적 임대시스템에서는 잔여화로의 이행을 예고하는 원인이 되었다. 그러나 미래 공공임대주택은 현재의 감소기를 지나 21세기의 새로운 경제 환경에 적응하는 새로운 모델로 구축될 전망이다. 기존 모델은 사회적 혼합화, 다양한 공급주체, 고객 만족, 시장 환경 개선에 대한 정부 역할 강화, 경쟁 체제, 재정자립 강조 등 통해 새로운 모델로의 전환이 예상된다.

Abstract

This paper is to identify the future role of public rental housing and policy direction focusing on rental system comparisons and main policy changes in the last twenty years for 10 countries. The theoretical framework on rental system is based on rental system theory that is developed from both of Harloe and Kemeny’s work in the mid 20th century. Comparison of each system embraces five elements; the stock of public rental housing, target groups, main providers, rent level, relationship between private renting and homeownership. Results comparing two rental system reveals that there is decreasing stock of public rental housing, new actors for public rental housing providers, residualisation. It has been driven by a market oriented policy shift, deregulation, privatisation, and encouragement of homeownership within the context of pervasive neo-liberalism. It is shown that there is a greater shrinkage of public housing and residualised sector in dualist rental system. In unitary rental systems, it means the process of transformation toward dualist rental systems. But the role played by public rental housing in the future will be gradually replaced by new model under 21st century new economic environment. The existing model is expected to be switched toward new model by accomplishing social mix, various providers, the role of government on the improvement of market conditions, competition and financial viability.

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