농촌지역개발사업 성과의 차이와 농촌사회 발전에 대한 함의
Differences in Performance of Rural Development Programs and their Implications on Rural Community Development
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초록
이 논문은 농촌개발사업 성과의 차이를 발생시키는 요인을 규명하고 이를 통해농촌개발사업 및 농촌발전의 방향을 모색하는 목적을 가진다. 농촌개발사업에서 경제적성과와 더불어 시민공동체적 발전이 함께 모색되어야 한다는 문제의식을 바탕으로농촌개발사업 성과의 차이에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 중심으로 권역 마을 간의 차이를비교하고, 그 특성을 분석했다. 이를 위해서 농촌마을종합개발사업에 참여한 4개 마을권역의 주민을 대상으로 한 설문조사 자료를 바탕으로 경험적 분석을 시도하였다. 분석결과, 사회적 자본, 참여도, 리더십, 민주적 운영, 호혜성 등 사회적 관계 차원에서권역 마을 간의 차이가 나타났다. 특히 농촌개발사업의 성과에 대한 주민의 평가에영향을 미치는 핵심 요인들은 경제적 이익, 리더십, 호혜성이었다. 이러한 분석결과들은농촌개발사업의 성과를 높이기 위해서는 경제적 동기부여와 그것을 호혜적으로 공유할수 있는 지역주체들의 역량과 노력이 필요하다는 사실을 확인해준다. 끝으로 농촌사회발전을 위한 농촌정책의 방향, 귀농귀촌인의 역할, 사회적 포섭 및 마을민주주의, 농촌사회의시민공동체적 발전을 과제로 제시하였다.
Abstract
This article aims to investigate the factors that influence the outcomes of rural development projects and to explore alternative ways to develop rural development project in order to contribute to the rural community development. Based on a perspective that civil community development needs to be paired with the level of economic development in rural development projects, this paper examined differences in performance of rural development projects by focusing on the variables which are considered to affect those diverse outcomes. This study analyzed survey data collected on the residents living in four village-level rural communities which took part in ‘the Rural Village Integrated Development Program’ launched by the Korean government from 2005 to 2010. The findings are as follows. The four communities reveal some significant differences in terms of those “social relationship factor”s such as social capital, participation,leadership, democratic communication, and reciprocity. In particular, economic gains, leadership, and reciprocity are found to be significant factors affecting the residents’ evaluations for the success of the rural development programs. These findings are valuable since they can be taken to confirm an implication that the rural people’s subjective capacities and efforts to achieve economic mobilization and reciprocal gain-sharing are needed to improve the rural development. The article concludes by suggesting that a redesign of public policies for rural development,roles of those who are returning from urban to rural areas, social inclusion, and civic community development in rural areas are important themes to be pursued for the future of the rural development.
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