화이트헤드와 근대 세계관의 철학적 성찰
A. N. Whitehead and his Philosophical Reflection on the Modern World View
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화이트헤드가 파악한 근대 세계관은 기계론적 자연관과 주관주의적 원리로 구성되었다. 기계론적 자연관은 근대과학의 물질이론을 서술적 일반화 방법을 통해 철학적으로 일반화시켜 도출되었다. 이렇게 도출된 근대 세계관의 물질이론은 근대과학의 물질이론과 유사한 성격을 띤다. 근대과학의 물질이론은 시공간상에서 단순히 위치를 차지하는 특성을 지닌다. 주관주의적 원리는 근대과학의 지각이론인 자연 이분의 이론을 철학적으로 일반화시켜서 도출된 것이었다. 자연 이분의 이론은 고대 그리스의 실체와 속성 도식에 데카르트의 주관주의적 편견이 추가된 것으로 이해할 수 있다. 근대 세계관의 기계론적 자연관과 주관주의적 원리는 모두 ‘추상과 현실을 혼동하는 오류’를 범했다. 화이트헤드는 이런 난점을 극복하기 위해 유기체적 자연관과 개선된 주관주의적 원리를 각각 대안으로 제시했다.
Abstract
Whitehead’s conception of the modern world view basically consists of two parts, the mechanistic theory of nature and the subjectivist principle. The mechanistic theory of nature is a descriptively generalized version of the theory of matter in the modern science. Its main property is simple location. The subjectivist principle is a descriptively generalized version of the bifurcation of nature. We can understand the bifurcation as a synthesis of the theory of substance-predicate with Desecrate’s conception of the subjectivist bias. Two axes of the modern world view, the mechanistic theory of nature and the subjectivist principle are committed the fallacy of misplaced concreteness. In order to avoid this fallacy, Whitehead suggested two alternatives, the organic theory of nature for the mechanistic theory and the reformed subjectivist principle for the subjectivist principle.
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