화이트헤드 상대성이론의 기원과 “죽음”의 역사적 맥락: 재해석을 위하여
On historical Constexts of Whitehead’s Relativity Theory and its so-called “Death”
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이 소고는 화이트헤드 상대성이론의 이른바 “죽음”의 의미를 재해석하기 위한 준비 작업으로서, 화이트헤드 상대성이론의 역사적 기원과 그에 대한 물리학계의 주요 연구 및 그에 대한 반론을 서술한다. 화이트헤드는 아인슈타인과는 전혀 다른 지적 배경에서 성장하였는바, 케임브리지 대학의 수학 트라이포스 전통과 독일어권 대학의 물리학 연구 전통은 두 상대성이론의 철학적 차이를 결정하지는 않을지라도, 그 차이가 자연스러운 귀결이었던 것으로 평가할 수 있게 한다. 화이트헤드 상대성이론에 수리물리학계의 연구는 일반상대성이론과 관측적으로 유의미한 차이를 산출하는지에 집중되었고, 21세기 들어 화이트헤드 상대성이론은 중력이론으로서는 “죽음”에 이른 것으로 평가된다. 이러한 연구들에 대한 일부 철학적 반론은 화이트헤드 철학의 의의를 손상시킬 우려가 있는 바, 수학적 사고에 대한 화이트헤드의 주장부터 재검토하여 화이트헤드적 세계관을 옹호할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
This essay traces the historical background of A. N. Whitehead’s Relativity Theory and sketches the lineage of physicists’ researches on Whitehead’s theory, as a preparation to examine the meaning of so-called “Death” of Whitehead’s theory of gravitation. A. N. Whitehead came from Cambridge Mathematical Tripos tradition and A. Einstein came from German physics tradition. This micro-socio-historical difference enable us to see their difference as natural, though it never determined their theoretical and philosophical differences. Physicists’ intermittent researches on Whitehead’s Relativity Theory were centered on whether it produce any observationally meaningful difference. We can now conclude that Whitehead’s gravitation theory is dead as an theory of empirical science. However, reinterpretations on Whitehead along modern development of mathematics may enable to nullify past philosophical objections to General Relativity.
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