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주관주의적 원리와 미국적 국제정치학의 파국: 구성주의와 포스트모던이즘의 경우

The Subjectivist Principle and the Collapse of IR as an American Social Science: In the Case of Constructivism and Postmodernism

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초록

이른바 미국적 사회과학으로 출발한 국제정치학은 이미 붕괴되었다. 국제정치학은 17세기 서구 근대 세계관을 근본전제로 수용해서 성립했는데, 근대 세계관 그 자체가 20세기 초엽의 제2차 과학혁명을 통해 완전히 붕괴되었기 때문이다. 그러나 국제정치학자는 그동안 국제정치학의 이면에 깔린 근대 세계관을 비판적으로 검토하는 ‘형이상학적 성찰’의 과제를 방기했다. 그러다보니 이미 100여 년 전에 붕괴된 낡은 국제정치학이 대학의 강의실과 교과서에서 아무런 저항을 받지 않은 채 ‘강매’되는 지적 지체(intellectual lag)가 지속될 수 있었다. 이 논문에서는 화이트헤드의 철학에서 근대 세계관의 한 축으로 제시된 ‘주관주의적 원리’(the subjectivist principle)를 검토한 다음, 구성주의 국제정치이론과 포스트모던 국제정치이론의 근본전제가 주관주의적 원리였다는 사실을 확인할 것이다. 아울러 화이트헤드가 주관주의적 원리의 대안으로 제시한 ‘개선된 주관주의적 원리’(the reformed subjectivist principle)를 참작할 때, 미국적 국제정치학의 파국을 타개하기 위해서는 에드먼드 버크가 제시한 ‘관습’(prejudice)을 적극 수용한 국제정치이론의 개발이 필요하다는 점을 주장할 것이다.

Abstract

IR as an American Social Science has collapsed. It is because the modern world view that grounded the fundamental assumptions of IR has eclipsed into a complete distrust by the effect of the second scientific revolution of the 20th century. A metaphysical reflection on IR has not been performed throughly, though. That is why the intellectual lag of IR has persisted stubbornly in the IR texts and in the IR lectures of Universities today. In this article, I will show vividly that the fundamental assumptions of both Constructivist and of Postmodern IR theories are founded upon “the subjectivist principle” that Whitehead regarded as one part of the modern world view. As an alternative of the subjectivist principle, Whitehead put forward the reformed subjective principle. And he suggested Burke’s conception of “prejudice” as its good realization. In order to break through the collapse of IR, therefore, a new IR theory on the basis of Burke’s prejudice should be devised.

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