Lateral Geniculate Body Evoked Potentials Elicited by Visual and Electrical Stimulation
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Purpose: Blind individuals who have photoreceptor loss are known to perceive phosphenes with electricalstimulation of their remaining retinal ganglion cells. We proposed that implantable lateral geniculate body (LGB)stimulus electrode arrays could be used to generate phosphene vision. We attempted to refine the basicreference of the electrical evoked potentials (EEPs) elicited by microelectrical stimulations of the optic nerve,optic tract and LGB of a domestic pig, and then compared it to visual evoked potentials (VEPs) elicited byshort-flash stimuli. Methods: For visual function measurement, VEPs in response to short-flash stimuli on the left eye of thedomestic pig were assessed over the visual cortex at position Oz with the reference electrode at Fz. Afteranesthesia, linearly configured platinum wire electrodes were inserted into the optic nerve, optic track andLGB. To determine the optimal stimulus current, EEPs were recorded repeatedly with controlling the pulse andpower. The threshold of current and charge density to elicit EEPs at 0.3 ms pulse duration was about ±10 μA. Results: Our experimental results showed that visual cortex activity can be effectively evoked by stimulationof the optic nerve, optic tract and LGB using penetrating electrodes. The latency of P1 was more shortenedas the electrical stimulation was closer to LGB. The EEPs of two-channel in the visual cortex demonstrateda similar pattern with stimulation of different spots of the stimulating electrodes. We found that the LGBstimulatedEEP pattern was very similar to the simultaneously generated VEP on the control side, althoughimplicit time deferred. Conclusions: EEPs and VEPs derived from visual-system stimulation were compared. The LGB-stimulatedEEP wave demonstrated a similar pattern to the VEP waveform except implicit time, indicating prostheticbasedelectrical stimulation of the LGB could be utilized for the blind to perceive vision of phosphenes.
Abstract
Purpose: Blind individuals who have photoreceptor loss are known to perceive phosphenes with electricalstimulation of their remaining retinal ganglion cells. We proposed that implantable lateral geniculate body (LGB)stimulus electrode arrays could be used to generate phosphene vision. We attempted to refine the basicreference of the electrical evoked potentials (EEPs) elicited by microelectrical stimulations of the optic nerve,optic tract and LGB of a domestic pig, and then compared it to visual evoked potentials (VEPs) elicited byshort-flash stimuli. Methods: For visual function measurement, VEPs in response to short-flash stimuli on the left eye of thedomestic pig were assessed over the visual cortex at position Oz with the reference electrode at Fz. Afteranesthesia, linearly configured platinum wire electrodes were inserted into the optic nerve, optic track andLGB. To determine the optimal stimulus current, EEPs were recorded repeatedly with controlling the pulse andpower. The threshold of current and charge density to elicit EEPs at 0.3 ms pulse duration was about ±10 μA. Results: Our experimental results showed that visual cortex activity can be effectively evoked by stimulationof the optic nerve, optic tract and LGB using penetrating electrodes. The latency of P1 was more shortenedas the electrical stimulation was closer to LGB. The EEPs of two-channel in the visual cortex demonstrateda similar pattern with stimulation of different spots of the stimulating electrodes. We found that the LGBstimulatedEEP pattern was very similar to the simultaneously generated VEP on the control side, althoughimplicit time deferred. Conclusions: EEPs and VEPs derived from visual-system stimulation were compared. The LGB-stimulatedEEP wave demonstrated a similar pattern to the VEP waveform except implicit time, indicating prostheticbasedelectrical stimulation of the LGB could be utilized for the blind to perceive vision of phosphenes.
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