각막굴절교정렌즈의 5년 이상 착용이 소아의 근시 진행에 미치는 장기적 효과
Long-term Effects of Wearing Orthokeratology Lenses for More than 5 Years on the Progression of Childhood Myopia
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목적: 소아 근시 환자에서 5년 이상의 각막굴절교정렌즈 착용이 근시 진행 및 안축장 증가에 미치는 효과를 장기적 관점에서 살펴보고자 한다. 대상과 방법: 렌즈 시작 나이가 6세에서 12세에 해당하고 -0.5 D에서 -5.0 D까지의 근시 및 -2.0 D 이하의 난시를 가지고 있으며 5년 이상 양안 착용한 환자를 대상으로 하였고 같은 조건으로 안경을 착용한 환자를 대조군으로 후향적 분석을 진행하였다. 렌즈 착용군 28명, 56안과 대조군 37명, 74안에서 구면렌즈대응치의 변화를 비교하였고 이 중 렌즈 착용군 23명, 46안과 대조군 24명, 48안에서 안축장, 전방 깊이 및 중심 각막 두께를 비교하였다. 결과: 렌즈 착용군과 대조군에서 연간 구면렌즈대응치 변화는 -0.21 ± 0.18 D/year, -0.38 ± 0.17 D/year로 측정되었고 연간 안축장 변화는 0.13 ± 0.09 mm/year, 0.21 ± 0.10 mm/year로 모두 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.001, <0.001). 실험군 내에서 11세를 기준으로 비교 분석한 결과, 11세 미만과 11세 이상에서 연간 구면렌즈대응치 변화는 -0.23 ± 0.18 D/year, -0.13 ± 0.18 D/year로 측정되었고 연간 안축장 변화는 0.15 ± 0.10 mm/year, 0.06 ± 0.06 mm/year로 모두 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.048, 0.012). 결론: 각막굴절교정렌즈 착용군은 대조군에 비해 근시 진행 및 안축장 증가가 유의하게 억제되었고, 실험군 내에서도 어릴수록 빠른 근시 진행과 안축장 증가를 보였다.
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the long-term effects of wearing orthokeratology (OK) lenses for more than 5 years on the progression of myopia and the elongation of axial length in children. Methods: The study included patients aged 6-12 years with myopia ranging from -0.5 D to -5.0 D and astigmatism of ≤ 2.0 D who had worn lenses for ≥ 5 years. A retrospective analysis was conducted comparing with a control group of similar demographics who wore glasses. Spherical equivalent (SE) changes were compared between 28 subjects (56 eyes) in the OK lens group and 37 subjects (74 eyes) in the control group. Additionally, changes in axial length (AXL), anterior chamber depth, and central corneal thickness were compared between 23 subjects (46 eyes) in the lens group and 24 subjects (48 eyes) in the control group. Results: The annual changes in SE were -0.21 ± 0.18 D/year in the OK lens group and -0.38 ± 0.17 D/year in the control group. The annual changes in AXL were 0.13 ± 0.09 mm/year in the OK lens group and 0.21 ± 0.10 mm/year in the control group, both showing significant differences (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Within the lens group, further analysis based on age 11 was conducted. SE changes were -0.23 ± 0.18 D/year in those age < 11 and -0.13 ± 0.18 D/year in those age ≥ 11. AXL changes were 0.15 ± 0.10 mm/year in the younger group and 0.06 ± 0.06 mm/year in the older group with both showing significant differences (p = 0.048, p = 0.012, respectively). Conclusions: The progression of myopia and elongation of AXL were significantly inhibited in the OK lens group compared to the control group. Additionally, younger age within the lens group was associated with greater myopia progression and AXL elongation.
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