몰수형의 문제점과 개선방안
Problems and Legislative Solution for Provisions on Forfeiture
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Illegal profits made from drug, organized and money-laundering crimes are used to maintain and reinforce criminal organizations or are laundered and reinvested in legitimate or illegitimate businesses. To completely remove the economic factors causing such crimes, the offenders should be deprived of all the economic profits they have made from crime. Article 7 of the FATF Forty Recommendations suggest that each nation enact a legislation similar to the corresponding article of the Vienna Convention so as to confiscate laundered assets, benefits made from money-laundering, instruments that are used or to be used for money-laundering, and any other assets equivalent to those assets. The current criminal law, however, stipulates that only the assets resulting or obtained from criminal acts are subject to forfeiture, leading to problems such as the very narrow range of confiscatable assets and the need to prove that the assets to be confiscated have been obtained from or related to a certain crime. Those problems make difficult the complete deprivation of criminal profits. Below comes an overview of the problems with our forfeiture laws, followed by an exploration of the possibility of employing the civil forfeiture scheme of the Anglo-American legal systems and a discussion of ways for improving our forfeiture scheme. Prior to employing a new forfeiture scheme, it is required to find ways to balance law enforcement agencies' active and effective crime control through deprivation of criminal profits with the protection of citizens' property rights.
Abstract
Illegal profits made from drug, organized and money-laundering crimes are used to maintain and reinforce criminal organizations or are laundered and reinvested in legitimate or illegitimate businesses. To completely remove the economic factors causing such crimes, the offenders should be deprived of all the economic profits they have made from crime. Article 7 of the FATF Forty Recommendations suggest that each nation enact a legislation similar to the corresponding article of the Vienna Convention so as to confiscate laundered assets, benefits made from money-laundering, instruments that are used or to be used for money-laundering, and any other assets equivalent to those assets. The current criminal law, however, stipulates that only the assets resulting or obtained from criminal acts are subject to forfeiture, leading to problems such as the very narrow range of confiscatable assets and the need to prove that the assets to be confiscated have been obtained from or related to a certain crime. Those problems make difficult the complete deprivation of criminal profits. Below comes an overview of the problems with our forfeiture laws, followed by an exploration of the possibility of employing the civil forfeiture scheme of the Anglo-American legal systems and a discussion of ways for improving our forfeiture scheme. Prior to employing a new forfeiture scheme, it is required to find ways to balance law enforcement agencies' active and effective crime control through deprivation of criminal profits with the protection of citizens' property rights.
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