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Social Capital, Particularized Trust, and Political Confidence - A Study of Ethnic Koreans in Central Asia -

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주제분류사회과학일반

초록

본 연구는 사회적 자본(일반화된 신뢰와 자원봉사조직 참여도)과 특수화된 신뢰, 그리고 정부기관의 운용방식에 대한 개인적 신뢰 사이의 인과관계를 검증하고자 하였다. 우즈베키스탄의 타슈켄트에 거주하는 한인을 대상으로 수집된 자료를 바탕으로, 본 연구는 다양한 행위자 차원의 특성들을 통제한 상황에서 이들이 축적해 온 사회적 자본과 특수화된 신뢰가 중앙정부를 신뢰하는 데 있어 얼마나 그리고 어느 정도까지 인과적으로 연관되어 있는지를 분석하였다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 총 일곱 개의 독립변수들을 사용하여 세가지 가설들을 검증하였는데, 이들 독립변수들 중 다섯 개는 특수화된 신뢰를 측정하고자 하였다. 여기에는 타민족보다 동포를 더 신뢰하는 성향, 타민족보다 동포를 도와주고자 하는 선호도, 개인적 네트워크의 구성원에 있어 민족적 분포, 지역 한인 사업체와 정치커뮤니티를 통한 엘리트들과의 접촉, 그리고 개인적 네트워크의 구조 등이 포함되었다. 연구결과, 일반화된 신뢰는 개인의 제도적 신뢰와 정의 관계를 나타냈다. 또한 특수화된 신뢰 변수들 중, 엘리트와의 사적 연줄 변수만이 부의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 마지막으로 사회적 자본의 ‘정치적 기능’과 관련한 기존 이론들에 대한 함의가 논의되었다.

Abstract

This article examines the causal relationships between social capital (conceptualized in terms of generalized trust and voluntary organizational membership), particularized trust, and individual confidence in the workings of a government institution. Based on an originally collected dataset consisting of ethnic Koreans living in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, this study analyzes how and to what extent the variables that measure social capital and particularized trust are causally related to the levels of respondents’ trust in their central government, while controlling for a host of actor-level attributes. Three separate hypotheses are tested using seven different independent variables, five of which measure particularized trust- including the propensity to trust a co-ethnic member over a non-co-ethnic member, the preference of helping a co-ethnic member over another person with a different ethnicity, the ethnic make-up of the members of egocentric network, ties to elite contacts in the local ethnic business and political communities, and the structure of egocentric network. The findings indicate that generalized trust is positively related to individuals’ institutional trust. Among the particularized trust variables, only the one that measures the elite network ties is found to have a negative association with the outcome variable. Implications are discussed concerning the literature on the “political functions” of social capital.

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