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노동연계복지의 경향과 특징

The Trend and Characteristics of Work-Based Welfare

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초록

이 연구는 복지국가의 재편과정에서 나타난 노동연계복지의 경향과 특징을 살펴보는데 주안점을 두고 있다. 노동연계복지란 권리보다는 조건부과에 기초한 의무로의 이행을 강조하고 있으며 복지국가 재편과정에서 정책이전 또는 정책모방을 통해 일정한 수렴현상을 보여주고 있다. 또한 복지급여프로그램이 노동중심적인 활동과 연계시키면서 책임성을 강조하고 있는 것이 과거와는 다른 양상을 띠고 있다. 노동연계복지는 개인적 차원의 행동변화를 유도함과 동시에 프로그램 차원에서는 급여수급자격의 변동에 초점을 두고 노동시장으로의 통합화를 강조하고 있다. 거시적 차원에서 보면, 노동연계복지에 대한 강조는 공급중심의 복지급여방식을 구축하려는 복지국가의 재편과정과 밀접한 관련성이 높다는 사실을 말해주고 있다. 그러나 복지개혁을 추구하는 과정에서 노동연계복지의 확산과 모방은 상호의무감 및 노동연계성에 기초한 정책유연화를 추구하고 있기 때문에 대다수의 복지국가에서 일정한 흐름을 형성하고 있지만, 국가별로 노동연계복지전략의 목적과 방법에서는 질적 차이를 나타내고 있다. 특히 복지국가의 유형에 따라 노동연계복지전략상 편차가 나타나는 등 개별국가의 복지정책의 유산, 대상 집단의 성격 및 규모 그리고 사회경제적 상황에 따라 분화되는 양상을 띠고 있다. 이와 같은 분화양상은 권리의 약화 및 강제성에 근거한 이유로 노동연계복지에 대한 인색한 평가보다는 개별 국가의 사회경제적 상황과 복지급여방식의 맥락이 보다 중요하다는 것을 시사해 주고 있다.

Abstract

This paper discusses the trend and characteristics of work-based welfare. After 1990s, Workfare, welfare to work, or active labor market policy strengthens a trend towards conditionality within social policy. Welfare programmes are generally accomplished by varied kinds of obligations, especially the obligation to seek for work. Work-based welfare have become common currency against traditionally rights and eligibilities-based welfare systems. And it is often argued that welfare states should be restructured in order to raise incentives for people to enter the labor market, that is, 'welfare to work' or 'workfare'. Work-based welfare strategy is described as ranging from Human Resource Development(HRD) to Labor Market Attachment(LMA, or Work First Approach). HRD approach focuses on the development of human resource and opportunities, is to assist welfare recipients in raising their education and skill levels for jobs. But, LMA approach is for welfare recipients to achieve rapid transitions into work, include some assistance with education and training. In spite of the introduction and spread of work-based welfare programmes in welfare states has resulted in convergence, work-based welfare programmes have been classified by different strategies across the ideological positions, policy inheritance and target groups of each country.

참고문헌 (45)

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